A patient is taking Digoxin to slow his heart rate down. The nurse suggests that he take his oral medication:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: It is recommended for the patient to take Digoxin in the morning when awakening. This is because Digoxin has a long half-life which means it stays in the body for a long period of time. By taking it in the morning, the patient can benefit from its effects throughout the day, including its ability to slow down the heart rate and improve heart function. Additionally, taking it in the morning helps to reduce the risk of potential interactions with other medications or food consumed later in the day.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse suggests that the patient takes his Digoxin medication when awakening because it is best absorbed when taken on an empty stomach. Taking Digoxin with meals can decrease its absorption, reducing its effectiveness. Therefore, to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of Digoxin in slowing down the heart rate, it is recommended to take it when awakening on an empty stomach.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lithium is typically administered orally (PO) for long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. However, in emergency situations or cases of lithium toxicity where rapid control of symptoms is required, lithium can be administered via the intravenous (IV) route for faster absorption and effectiveness. IV administration allows for quick delivery of the medication directly into the bloodstream to achieve therapeutic levels promptly. It is essential to closely monitor lithium levels and kidney function when administering it intravenously to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. These processes determine the concentration of a drug at its site of action and contribute to understanding the drug's effectiveness and potential side effects. Therefore, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are key components of pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics (Choice A) refers to the study of the physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action, which is different from the processes involved in drug movement through the body. Therapeutic action (Choice C) refers to the desired effects of a drug in treating a specific condition, rather than the processes involved in drug processing in the body. Pharmaceutical preparation (Choice D) is related to the formulation and development of drugs before their administration, not to the processes within the body. Toxic effect (Choice E) refers to the harmful effects of drugs, which can result from various factors including pharmacokin

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enteral route of drug administration involves placing the drug directly into the gastrointestinal tract (such as oral or rectal routes) for absorption into the systemic circulation. This route requires the drug to pass through the digestive system before being absorbed, allowing for slower and more sustained release of the medication compared to other routes. Examples of enteral drug administration include oral tablets, capsules, and liquids as well as rectal suppositories.