A patient is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) and a loop diuretic daily. When the nurse enters the room with the morning medications, the patient states, 'I am seeing a funny yellow color around the lights.' What is the nurse’s next action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Recognize the patient's complaint of seeing a yellow color as a common symptom of digoxin toxicity. Step 2: Assess the patient for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, or vision changes. Step 3: Hold the digoxin dose and notify the healthcare provider if digoxin toxicity is suspected. Step 4: Monitor the patient closely for any worsening symptoms. Step 5: Document the assessment findings and actions taken. Summary of other choices: B: Withholding the diuretic does not address the potential digoxin toxicity. C: Administering both medications together could worsen the toxicity. D: Delaying action could lead to serious consequences of digoxin toxicity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: “Aranesp is a longer-acting form, so you will receive fewer injections.” Rationale: 1. Darbepoetin (Aranesp) is a longer-acting form of erythropoietin compared to epoetin alfa (Epogen). 2. Due to its extended half-life, Aranesp requires less frequent dosing, leading to fewer injections for the patient. 3. This is beneficial for patient compliance and convenience, as they don't have to undergo frequent injections. 4. Choice A is incorrect because there is a difference between the two drugs in terms of pharmacokinetics. 5. Choice B is incorrect as the speed of action is not the primary difference between the two drugs. 6. Choice C is incorrect because Aranesp, like Epogen, is administered via injections, not orally.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a competitive antagonist binds to the same receptor site as the agonist, thereby inhibiting the agonist response. This results in a decrease in the efficacy of the agonist without affecting its potency. Choice A is incorrect because a substance producing submaximal effects is a partial agonist, not a competitive antagonist. Choice C is incorrect as competitive antagonists specifically bind to receptor sites, not nonspecific sites. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a partial agonist, which can act as an agonist or antagonist depending on the receptor subtype.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is more lipid-soluble compared to the other choices. Lipid solubility is an important factor in determining the potency and duration of action of local anesthetics. Bupivacaine has a higher lipid solubility due to its long carbon chain structure, allowing it to penetrate nerve membranes more effectively, resulting in a longer duration of action. Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and procaine are less lipid-soluble and have shorter durations of action compared to bupivacaine. Therefore, bupivacaine is the most lipid-soluble local anesthetic among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Edrophonium is the correct answer as it is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It is water-soluble and can be prepared in an aqueous solution for ophthalmic use. Physoctigmine is not an organophosphate, and Echothiophate is not water-soluble and requires reconstitution before use.