ATI RN
The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is taking a xanthine derivative as part of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse will monitor for adverse effects associated with the use of xanthine derivatives, such as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: palpitations. Xanthine derivatives, like theophylline, are known to cause cardiac stimulant effects, leading to increased heart rate and palpitations. This is due to their mechanism of action as bronchodilators. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect associated with xanthine derivatives. C: Bradycardia is the opposite of what is expected with xanthine derivatives, which usually increase heart rate. D: Drowsiness is not a typical adverse effect of xanthine derivatives, as they are stimulants and can cause insomnia instead.
Question 2 of 5
Dependence is often associated with tolerance to a drug, a physical abstinence syndrome, and psychological dependence (craving). This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Dependence is indeed associated with tolerance to a drug, physical withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, and psychological craving. Tolerance indicates a reduced response to a drug over time, withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is stopped abruptly, and psychological dependence leads to a strong desire to continue using the drug despite negative consequences. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the comprehensive nature of drug dependence and its associated factors.
Question 3 of 5
Most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is systemic toxicity, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse, seizures, and even death. This occurs when the anesthetic enters the bloodstream in excessive amounts. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the most serious toxic reaction associated with local anesthetics. Choice A is a distraction, choice B is vague, and choice C is not directly related to the topic of toxic reactions to local anesthetics.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the drug, which is rapidly and fully distributed into CNS and has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scopolamine. Scopolamine is rapidly and fully distributed into the central nervous system (CNS) due to its high lipid solubility. It has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently. Atropine (A) has less CNS penetration than scopolamine. Homatropine (C) has a shorter duration of action and lower CNS penetration. Ipratropium (D) is primarily used for its bronchodilator effects and has minimal CNS penetration. Therefore, based on its pharmacokinetic properties, scopolamine is the most suitable option for rapid and potent CNS effects among the choices provided.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the following neuromuscular blocker, which would be contraindicated in patients with renal failure:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pipecuronium. Pipecuronium is primarily eliminated through renal excretion, so it can accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to prolonged effects and potential toxicity. Succinylcholine (B) is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase and not affected by renal function. Atracurium (C) and Rapacuronium (D) are also not primarily renally eliminated, making them safer options in patients with renal failure.