ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Proctored Exam 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is taken to the trauma unit after a motorcycle accident. It is estimated that he has lost 30% of his blood volume and he is in hypovolemic shock. The nurse anticipates a transfusion with which blood product?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary goal is to quickly restore the lost volume of red blood cells to improve tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) are the most appropriate blood product for this situation as they contain a high concentration of red blood cells and minimal plasma, making them the most efficient way to replace lost red blood cells. Whole blood, Cryoprecipitate, and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) contain other blood components which are not the immediate priority in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
Two days after admission, the nurse is reviewing laboratory results of the patient. Which is the most common electrolyte finding resulting from the administration of furosemide (Lasix)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most common electrolyte finding resulting from the administration of furosemide (Lasix) is hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium. Hypokalemia can lead to various complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Therefore, patients receiving furosemide should be closely monitored for potassium levels, and supplementation may be necessary to prevent and treat hypokalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is concerned about the adverse effects of the fibric acid derivative she is taking to lower her cholesterol level. Which is an adverse effect of this class of medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, may include joint pain among other side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormalities in liver function tests, and myopathy (muscle damage). Joint pain can be a result of musculoskeletal side effects associated with fibrates, so it is important for the patient to report any new or worsening joint pain to their healthcare provider.
Question 4 of 5
What is the therapeutic use of Albuterol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albuterol is a medication that belongs to the class of beta-2 adrenergic agonists, which are primarily used for bronchodilation. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing them to widen and making breathing easier for individuals with conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders. Albuterol helps to relieve symptoms of bronchospasm, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It is commonly used as a rescue inhaler for quick relief of acute bronchospasm.
Question 5 of 5
Phenobarbital (luminal) is given to a client for a short treatment of anxiety. Which of the following results would indicate a therapeutic serum range of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The therapeutic serum range for phenobarbital (luminal) when used for anxiety is typically between 5-10 mcg/ml. This range is considered effective in controlling anxiety symptoms while minimizing the risk of toxicity. Higher serum levels (options B, C, D) may increase the risk of adverse effects such as sedation, respiratory depression, and overdose. Therefore, monitoring the serum levels of phenobarbital is essential to ensure the medication is at a therapeutic range for the intended treatment.