A patient is started on a diuretic for antihypertensive therapy. The nurse expects that a drug in which class is likely to be used initially?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thiazide diuretics are commonly used as first-line therapy for hypertension. They are effective in reducing blood pressure by promoting diuresis and decreasing plasma volume. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This helps to reduce blood volume and subsequently lower blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics are generally well-tolerated and effective, making them a preferred choice for initial antihypertensive therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is D. "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes." This instruction is important for patients taking furosemide (Lasix) because this medication can cause changes in blood pressure, especially when changing positions quickly. By rising slowly, the patient can minimize the risk of dizziness or fainting. This precaution is crucial to ensure patient safety while taking furosemide.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can rarely lead to a serious adverse reaction known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe skin reaction that can be life-threatening and typically involves painful blistering and shedding of the skin. This reaction is considered a serious medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. It is crucial to monitor for any signs of skin changes or reactions while using Furosemide and report them to a healthcare provider promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Redness and pain at the site of the infusion are important signs of a potential infiltration or extravasation of the medication, in this case pentamidine (Pentam) IV. Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication used to treat and prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV. Infiltration or extravasation of IV medications can lead to significant tissue damage, necrosis, and other complications. Therefore, it is crucial to immediately address any signs of redness and pain at the infusion site to prevent further harm to the patient. This assessment finding should be promptly relayed to the physician for appropriate management, which may include discontinuation of the infusion, monitoring for complications, and providing alternative treatments if necessary. The other assessment findings (blood pressure of 100/62 mm/Hg

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lithium is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder to decrease the incidence of acute manic episodes. It helps to stabilize mood and prevent the extreme highs (manic episodes) associated with bipolar disorder. Lithium is not used to decrease blood pressure, seizure activity, or increase urinary output.