A patient is prescribed an antipsychotic medication for the management of schizophrenia. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antipsychotic medications, especially first-generation antipsychotics, can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) as an adverse effect. EPS include symptoms such as muscle rigidity, tremors, akathisia (restlessness), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements of the face and body). These symptoms are due to the medications' effects on the dopamine system in the brain. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for EPS because they can be uncomfortable, distressing, and may impact the patient's quality of life and medication adherence. Early recognition and management of EPS are essential to prevent further complications and improve the patient's overall well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Incident Reports (IRs) must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet for several reasons. Firstly, summarizing the IRs monthly allows for a consolidated overview of the incidents that have occurred, highlighting any recurring patterns or trends that may need to be addressed. By storing the summarized IRs in a secured cabinet, the information is kept confidential and protected from unauthorized access. This practice also ensures that the reports are organized and easily accessible for future reference or audits. Storing the IRs on an open cabinet, table top, or with a classification system that may not be easily understandable can lead to potential breaches of confidentiality or difficulty in retrieving and understanding the information when needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described is characteristic of acute angle-closure glaucoma. This condition typically presents with sudden-onset severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye may appear red due to conjunctival injection, and there may be a steamy cornea due to corneal edema. The mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil is a key finding in angle-closure glaucoma, as the iris bombe (forward movement of the peripheral iris) blocks the drainage angle, leading to increased intraocular pressure. If left untreated, acute angle-closure glaucoma can result in irreversible vision loss. Immediate intervention is crucial to lower the intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Prompt referral to an ophthalmologist for definitive treatment is necessary in cases of suspected acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Erythema multiforme is a skin condition characterized by the sudden onset of a target-like rash with concentric erythematous rings and central clearing on the trunk and extremities. It typically presents with a distinctive "iris" or "bull's eye" pattern. Erythema multiforme is often triggered by exposure to certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and other drugs. The rash is usually accompanied by symptoms like fever, malaise, and joint pain. It is important to identify and discontinue the offending medication causing the reaction in cases of drug-induced erythema multiforme.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Stage I of Hodgkin's disease, the most commonly seen early symptom is usually unexplained fever and night sweats. Other common symptoms at this stage may include unexplained weight loss, itching, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin. Chest and back pains, subnormal body temperature, and swelling of extremities are not typically early indicators of Stage I Hodgkin's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toddlers are typically children who are 1 to 3 years old. In this context, the toddlers are children in the age range of 9 to 36 months old. This period is marked by significant cognitive, emotional, and social development as children in this age group start to explore their environments, develop their language skills, begin to understand emotions, and interact with others. It is a crucial stage in a child's development where they start becoming more independent and forming their own identities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patients with hypothyroidism have a decreased ability to regulate their body temperature due to the reduced hormone levels. Exposure to cold temperatures can exacerbate this issue and lead to symptoms such as cold intolerance, feeling cold all the time, and potentially even hypothermia. It is important for patients with hypothyroidism to avoid prolonged exposure to cold temperatures to prevent any negative impact on their health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with these specific features on clinical examination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. In this condition, lymphocytic infiltration and germinal centers can be seen in the thyroid tissue. This inflammation can lead to the formation of thyroid nodules and enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and breathing due to compression of surrounding structures. Additionally, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can result in hypothyroidism over time, further contributing to the symptoms. Therefore, the patient in this case is most likely experiencing these symptoms due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Graves' disease, on the other hand, typically presents with hyperthyroidism and is less likely to manifest as compressive symptoms of the thyroid gland.