A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction should the nurse include in patient education about PPI therapy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be instructed to take the medication 30 minutes before meals. This is because PPIs work best when taken on an empty stomach, allowing them to inhibit the gastric proton pump effectively and reduce acid production in anticipation of food intake. Taking the medication before meals ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness in controlling symptoms of GERD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loop diuretics such as furosemide are commonly prescribed for the management of heart failure to reduce fluid overload and lower blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water. These medications promote the loss of potassium through increased urinary output. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is the most common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretic therapy. Potassium is an essential electrolyte for proper functioning of the heart, muscles, and nerves. Low potassium levels can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Patients on loop diuretics are often monitored for potassium levels, and sometimes potassium supplements may be prescribed to prevent or correct hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: If a nurse notices a discrepancy between the surgical count and the number of instruments on the sterile field during surgery, it is crucial to inform the surgical team immediately and initiate a thorough search. Patient safety is of utmost importance, and any missing instruments could potentially pose a risk to the patient. By informing the team and conducting a thorough search, the missing instrument can be located promptly to ensure it is not inadvertently left inside the patient's body. Continuing with the procedure or ignoring the discrepancy without further investigation could lead to serious consequences for the patient's well-being. It is always better to address any discrepancies or concerns during surgery proactively to maintain a high standard of patient care and safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: If the nurse notices a discrepancy between the patient's identification bracelet and the surgical consent form, the immediate action should be to inform the surgeon and anesthesia provider. It is crucial to address any discrepancies before proceeding with the surgical procedure to ensure patient safety and prevent any potential errors or complications. The surgical team needs to be made aware of the issue so that they can verify the correct patient information and ensure that all necessary steps are taken to proceed safely. Communication and collaboration among the healthcare team members are essential in such situations to prevent any harm to the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a nurse discovers a discrepancy between the medication order and the patient's medication record, the priority action is to verify the medication order with the prescriber to ensure accuracy and patient safety. Administering the medication without clarification can put the patient at risk. Documenting the discrepancy and informing the charge nurse is important, but it should not delay verifying the order with the prescriber. Contacting the pharmacy for clarification may be necessary in some cases, but the immediate action should be to confirm the prescription with the prescriber to prevent errors and ensure the patient receives the correct medication.