A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the management of edema. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic therapy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are potent diuretics commonly used to manage conditions like edema, heart failure, and hypertension. Loop diuretics work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidney, leading to increased diuresis. However, this mechanism of action can also lead to increased excretion of other electrolytes, such as magnesium.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best response to a patient expressing fear of the unknown regarding an upcoming surgical procedure is to provide the patient with accurate information about the surgical procedure and what to expect. This approach empowers the patient with knowledge and helps alleviate anxiety by demystifying the unknown. By educating the patient about the procedure, potential risks, and postoperative care, the nurse can help the patient feel more prepared and in control of the situation. It is crucial for healthcare providers to address patient fears with compassion, understanding, and information to support the patient through the surgical process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse can be sued for malpractice. Malpractice refers to the failure of a professional, in this case, a nurse, to provide the standard of care that a reasonably prudent nurse would have provided in similar circumstances, resulting in harm to the patient. Administering an extra dose of vaccine leading to an adverse reaction and death of the patient is considered a form of medical malpractice as it involves a breach in the standard of care. Generally, malpractice cases involve errors or negligence in the performance of professional duties, which result in harm to the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Battery refers to the intentional and offensive physical contact with another person without their consent, resulting in harm or injury. In this scenario, the victim clearly expressed their unwillingness to be touched or helped by saying, "Don't touch me!" multiple times. By ignoring the victim's refusal and physically forcing them into the ambulance, the EMT is committing battery even though they may have had good intentions to provide assistance. It is important for medical professionals, including EMTs, to always respect a person's right to refuse medical treatment or assistance, even in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Supplying the patient with paper tissues to use when touching doorknobs is the most appropriate response in this situation. This action acknowledges and respects the patient's anxiety while providing a practical solution to help her cope. Forcing her to touch doorknobs or discouraging her concerns would not address the underlying anxiety and may lead to increased distress. Encouraging her to scrub doorknobs with a strong antiseptic is not necessary and may exacerbate her anxiety. Explaining that her concerns are part of her illness may invalidate her feelings and is not a constructive way to address the situation. Supplying her with paper tissues allows her to feel more comfortable while still being able to navigate her daily activities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Physiologic jaundice among newborn babies typically occurs between the 2nd and the 3rd day after birth. This type of jaundice is considered normal and harmless and is caused by the breakdown of red blood cells and the immaturity of the newborn baby's liver in processing bilirubin. The bilirubin levels rise in the blood, leading to a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes. This type of jaundice usually peaks around the 3rd to 4th day after birth and then gradually resolves without treatment within the first week of life. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor bilirubin levels and ensure that they do not reach dangerous levels that could potentially harm the newborn.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most common symptom of scabies that the family would report to Nurse Emma is itchiness. Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which burrows into the skin and lays eggs, leading to intense itching, especially at night. The itching is a result of the body's allergic reaction to the mites and their waste products. While rashes, scaling, and swelling can also occur with scabies, the hallmark and most bothersome symptom experienced by individuals with scabies is the intense itchiness, making it the most common symptom reported by affected individuals or their families during the history-taking process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most effective strategy in preventing more incidence of dengue infection is to target the breeding places of the Aedes mosquitoes, which are the vectors responsible for transmitting the dengue virus. By eliminating stagnant water sources where these mosquitoes breed, such as uncovered containers, flower pots, and discarded tires, the mosquito population can be significantly reduced. This, in turn, helps to lower the risk of dengue transmission to humans. While healthy nutritious food, burning of leaves and garbage, and adequate rest and sleep are important for overall health and immune function, they do not directly address the primary cause of dengue transmission, which is the Aedes mosquito population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The scenario described, including cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, retroverted uterus, and a nodular mass behind the uterus, is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium (the tissue that lines the uterus) is found outside the uterus, typically on structures within the pelvis. The presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations can lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and the formation of nodular masses (endometriomas) that can be felt on pelvic examination. It is important to note that while adenomyosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) can also cause pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, the specific findings of retroverted uterus and palpable nodular mass behind