A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcium channel blockers are often prescribed for the management of hypertension because they can help relax blood vessels and slow the heart rate, thus reducing blood pressure. One of the major adverse effects associated with calcium channel blockers is bradycardia (slow heart rate) or even more rarely, tachycardia (fast heart rate). Therefore, in a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker for hypertension, the nurse should closely monitor for any signs and symptoms of tachycardia as it can be a serious adverse effect that needs prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Verbal abuse is the most common form of abuse experienced by nurses in their workplace. This may include insults, yelling, threats, or intimidation directed towards the nurse. Verbal abuse can have a significant impact on the nurse's mental and emotional well-being, leading to stress, anxiety, and burnout. It is important for healthcare institutions to address and prevent verbal abuse to create a safe and respectful work environment for nurses and other healthcare professionals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The desired nursing action to help the pregnant patient make a decision on breastfeeding is to assist in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan. When patients are indecisive about breastfeeding, it is essential for the nurse to support them in setting specific goals and creating a plan that aligns with their values and circumstances. This approach can help the patient feel empowered and confident in their decision-making process. Providing pamphlets and books (choice A) may be helpful, but personalized assistance in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan is more likely to address the patient's individual needs and concerns. Providing ample time for the patient to decide (choice B) is important, but guidance and support in setting a clear goal can facilitate the decision-making process. Referring the patient to a nutritionist (choice C) may be beneficial for dietary concerns but may not directly address the decision-making process regarding breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described, involving multiple grouped vesicles on an erythematous base in the genital area, is classic for herpes simplex genitalis. This condition is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is characterized by recurrent outbreaks of painful vesicles in the genital or perianal area. The history of similar lesions occurring during periods of stress is also suggestive of herpes simplex virus reactivation. Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) typically present as painless, fleshy growths in the genital area caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Syphilis manifests as a painless ulcer known as a chancre, which is not described in the presentation. Molluscum contagiosum presents with pearly, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication, rather than vesicles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Unilateral neglect is a common condition following a stroke where the individual fails to attend to one side of their body or to the space on that side. In this case, Mang Jose exhibiting signs of unilateral neglect by only shaving one side of his face, neglecting the other side. This behavior demonstrates a lack of awareness or attention to the affected side of his body, indicating a classic symptom of unilateral neglect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's lack of sensation in her right leg, allowing her cat to scratch her without her noticing, is indicative of neuropathy. Neuropathy is a common diabetic complication characterized by nerve damage that can result in loss of sensation or altered sensation in different parts of the body, including the extremities. In this case, neuropathy has likely affected the patient's right lower extremity, leading to her inability to feel the cat scratching her leg and resulting in the unnoticed scratches, infection, and subsequent cellulitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The scenario described is suggestive of a meniscus injury. A twisting injury during sports activity leading to acute knee pain and swelling, accompanied by joint effusion and tenderness along the joint line, is commonly associated with meniscus tears. The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage structure located between the femur and tibia in the knee joint, providing cushioning and stability. The symptoms of a meniscus tear typically include pain, swelling, joint line tenderness, and sometimes mechanical symptoms like locking or clicking. Treatment may involve rest, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery to repair or remove the torn meniscus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Subacute thyroiditis is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland that causes gland destruction and release of pre-formed thyroid hormone leading to hyperthyroidism. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings of granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells are characteristic of subacute thyroiditis. This condition typically presents with a painful, tender thyroid gland and may be preceded by a viral illness. Unlike Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter and positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins, subacute thyroiditis is typically self-limited and resolves spontaneously without the need for long-term treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Somogyi effect, also known as rebound hyperglycemia, is a phenomenon observed in patients with diabetes mellitus during sleep. It is characterized by a low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) followed by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in the morning. This occurs due to limited insulin in the body during the night, leading to high blood sugar levels in the morning as a response to the hypoglycemia episode. Too much globulin or albumin are not directly associated with the Somogyi effect. Increasing insulin in the body would rather help prevent the hypoglycemia episode that triggers the rebound hyperglycemia in the Somogyi effect.