Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. This is crucial post-total hip replacement to prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and muscle weakness. Early ambulation helps improve circulation, prevent stiffness, and promote faster recovery. Monitoring for infection (A) is important but not the top priority. Administering pain medications (C) and wound care (D) are essential but do not address the primary goal of preventing complications post-operatively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A): 1. A critical cultural perspective recognizes that culture is dynamic and contextual. 2. It acknowledges that culture is not static but evolves over time. 3. Understanding culture as relational highlights the interconnectedness of people and their environment. 4. This perspective emphasizes the importance of considering historical, social, and political factors in analyzing culture. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: This choice assumes cultural homogeneity, which does not account for diversity and variation within cultures. C: While language and behavior are aspects of culture, they do not encompass the entirety of cultural expressions. D: This choice oversimplifies culture by suggesting it is solely influenced by environmental factors, neglecting social and historical dimensions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. The patient's symptoms of shortness of breath and cough with thick, green sputum suggest an acute infection in the lungs. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and infection of the lung tissue, leading to symptoms such as productive cough, shortness of breath, and sputum production. It is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics. A: Asthma typically presents with wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath triggered by certain stimuli, but not usually with thick, green sputum. B: Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, characterized by cough with clear or slightly discolored sputum, not typically thick and green. D: Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs, causing sudden shortness of breath and chest pain, but not usually associated with green sputum production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the standards for cultural and linguistically appropriate services. The rationale is as follows: 1. Cultural and linguistically appropriate services ensure that patients receive care that is respectful of and responsive to their cultural and linguistic needs. 2. Having translated materials and a translator on staff aligns with these standards by providing access to healthcare information in the patient's language. 3. By offering postoperative instructions and resources in the patient's language, the hospital is promoting effective communication and understanding. 4. These services aim to reduce language barriers, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the overall quality of care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is specifically designed to detect delirium and dementia and differentiate these conditions from psychiatric mental illness. It assesses various cognitive domains such as memory, attention, language, and visuospatial abilities. Scores below the normal range on the MoCA can indicate cognitive impairment related to delirium or dementia. Choice A is incorrect because a score below 30 on the MoCA does not necessarily indicate cognitive impairment; it depends on the individual's baseline and education level. Choice B is incorrect because the MoCA primarily focuses on cognitive function rather than mood and thought processes. Choice D is incorrect because while the MoCA can be used for initial evaluation of cognitive function, it is not sufficient for evaluating changes over time. Additional tools and assessments are needed for longitudinal monitoring of cognitive changes.