ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Therapy Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is placed on heparin, and the nurse acknowledges that heparin is effective for preventing clot formation in patients who have which disorder(s)? (Select the one tha does not apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Heparin is effective for preventing clot formation in disorders involving arterial or venous thrombosis, such as coronary thrombosis and deep vein thrombosis. However, heparin is contraindicated in hemorrhagic stroke due to the risk of increasing bleeding. Heparin can worsen bleeding in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Question 2 of 5
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the movement disorders seen in Parkinson disease and in the deficits seen in schizophrenia and other psychoses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine. In Parkinson's disease, there is a decrease in dopamine levels leading to movement disorders. In schizophrenia, there is an imbalance in dopamine transmission contributing to the cognitive deficits and positive symptoms. Melatonin (B) is involved in sleep regulation. Serotonin (C) is associated with mood regulation. Norepinephrine (D) plays a role in the sympathetic nervous system.
Question 3 of 5
A patient arrives at the urgent care center complaining of leg pain after a fall when rock climbing. The x-rays show no broken bones, but he has a large bruise on his thigh. The patient says he drives a truck and does not want to take anything strong because he needs to stay awake. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: You can take acetaminophen, also known as Tylenol, for pain, but no more than 3000 mg per day. Rationale: 1. Acetaminophen is a suitable option for mild to moderate pain relief and is less likely to cause drowsiness compared to opioids. 2. The recommended maximum daily dose of acetaminophen is 3000 mg to avoid potential liver damage. 3. Advising the patient to take acetaminophen up to 3000 mg per day balances pain management with patient safety. 4. Option C's limit of 1000 mg per day may not provide sufficient pain relief for the patient's condition. 5. Option A is too vague and does not address the patient's pain management needs effectively. 6. Option B suggests opioid use without considering the patient's preference to avoid strong medications that may impair his ability to drive.
Question 4 of 5
During a follow-up visit, the health care provider examines the fundus of the patient’s eye. Afterward, the patient asks the nurse, “Why is he looking at my eyes when I have high blood pressure? It does not make sense to me!” What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (D): The nurse should explain that examining the fundus can help assess the long-term effectiveness of high blood pressure treatment. Changes in the blood vessels of the eye can indicate the impact of hypertension on the patient's overall health. Monitoring the fundus can reveal signs of hypertensive retinopathy, a serious complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure. By checking the fundus, the provider can ensure the treatment is preventing damage to the eyes and potentially other organs. This response educates the patient on the importance of regular eye examinations in managing hypertension. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Monitoring for drug toxicity is not the primary reason for examining the fundus in a patient with high blood pressure. B: Increased intraocular pressure is related to conditions like glaucoma, not specifically to high blood pressure. C: Visual changes from drug therapy are important to monitor, but the fundus examination in this context is more focused on assessing hypertension-related changes.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been instructed to take one enteric-coated low-dose aspirin a day as part of therapy to prevent strokes. The nurse will provide which instruction when providing patient teaching about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Taking with water and food helps prevent stomach irritation. 2. Enteric-coated aspirin can cause irritation if taken on an empty stomach. 3. Water helps with swallowing and food helps with absorption. 4. Ensuring proper intake enhances its effectiveness in stroke prevention. Summary: A is incorrect as aspirin is enteric-coated for a reason, not requiring an empty stomach. B is incorrect as bleeding is a potential risk with aspirin therapy. D is incorrect as crushing coated tablets can alter their efficacy.