A patient is noted to be bending over backward in the group room. A peer asks what he is doing, and he replies, 'People say they are bending over backwards to help me, so I am bending over backwards to help myself.' This is an example of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: concrete thinking. Concrete thinking refers to interpreting things in a literal or straightforward manner without grasping abstract concepts or metaphors. In this scenario, the patient is taking the expression "bending over backward" literally, demonstrating a lack of understanding of its figurative meaning. A: Abstract thinking involves understanding complex concepts and interpreting information beyond the literal meaning. The patient's response does not demonstrate abstract thinking. C: Impaired reality testing refers to an inability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. The patient's response does not suggest a detachment from reality. D: Boundary impairment involves difficulty in recognizing and maintaining personal boundaries. The patient's response does not relate to boundary issues. In summary, the patient's literal interpretation of the expression "bending over backward" reflects concrete thinking, making choice B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects the goal of promoting reality testing and challenging the patient's delusional beliefs. By helping the patient interpret reality correctly and recognize that the implanted device is not real, the nurse can support the patient in overcoming their delusions and improving their mental health. Choice A is incorrect as simply taking medication does not address the underlying delusional belief. Choice B is incorrect as it validates and reinforces the patient's delusion, which is not therapeutic. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the core issue of the patient's delusional belief and may not lead to long-term improvement in mental health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (1%). Schizophrenia affects around 1% of the world's population, according to research. This prevalence rate has been consistently reported across different studies and populations. It is a chronic and severe mental disorder, but it is not as common as other mental health conditions. Choices B, C, and D (5%, 9%, 13%) are incorrect because they overestimate the prevalence of schizophrenia. These percentages are much higher than the actual documented rate, which is closer to 1%.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because olfactory hallucinations involve perceiving smells that are not actually present. In a psychotic disorder, such hallucinations are common and can be disturbing to the individual. This is due to the sensory perception of smells that others cannot detect. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the experience of olfactory hallucinations. Vision (A) and sound (B) are not related to olfactory hallucinations, and a sense of touch (D) is not typically associated with this type of sensory distortion in psychotic disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Notify hospital security immediately that the situation exists. This is the most immediate, therapeutic nursing intervention because the safety of the nurse, patient, and others in the unit is the top priority. By involving hospital security, the nurse can ensure a swift and appropriate response to the threatening behavior. This action helps to de-escalate the situation and protect everyone involved. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Asking the spouse to leave the unit could escalate the situation further and put the nurse at risk. C: Asking the patient about the spouse's behavior may not be immediate enough to address the threat. D: Threatening to call the police could escalate the situation and may not be the best approach to ensure safety for all parties involved.