A patient is mowing his lawn on a hot Saturday afternoon. He begins to notice chest pain. What should his first action be?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient begins to experience chest pain, especially during physical activity like mowing the lawn on a hot day, the first action should be to stop the activity immediately and sit or lie down. This is because chest pain could be a sign of a serious issue like a heart attack. By stopping the physical activity and resting, the patient can help reduce the workload on the heart and potentially prevent further strain or damage. It is important to take chest pain seriously and seek medical attention promptly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to control high blood sugar levels. It works by decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and increasing the body's response to insulin. By aiding in controlling blood glucose levels, metformin helps prevent complications of diabetes such as kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, and loss of limbs. It does not lower blood pressure, diminish seizure activity, increase heart rate, or decrease gastrointestinal secretions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin glargine is typically administered subcutaneously. Subcutaneous injection allows for slow and continuous absorption of the medication, providing a sustained release of insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels. This route of administration is commonly used for long-acting insulins like insulin glargine to provide basal insulin coverage throughout the day. Sublingual, oral, IV, and other routes are not appropriate for administering insulin glargine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acetaminophen is not an opioid or NSAID. While it is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever, acetaminophen works differently from opioids and NSAIDs. Acetaminophen is believed to reduce pain by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the brain, whereas opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, and NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the peripheral tissues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, it is important for students to understand the rationale behind drug names and their alternate names. For the question regarding the other name for METFORMIN, the correct answer is D) glucophage. The rationale behind why "glucophage" is the correct answer is because it is an alternate name for the drug METFORMIN. METFORMIN is a commonly prescribed medication for managing type 2 diabetes by helping to control blood sugar levels. Understanding alternate names for drugs is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate communication and safe medication administration. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Skelaxin - Skelaxin is a muscle relaxant medication and not related to METFORMIN in any way. C) Digoxin - Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It is not an alternate name for METFORMIN. D) Glucophag - This is a misspelling of the correct answer, which is glucophage. Educationally, knowing the alternate names for drugs enhances students' pharmacological knowledge, aids in effective communication within healthcare settings, and promotes patient safety. It is crucial for students to be able to differentiate between drug names to prevent medication errors and ensure optimal patient care.