ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is infected with a virus. What type of immunity will be engaged to stop the virus from reproducing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cell-mediated immunity. This type of immunity involves the activation of T cells, which directly attack and destroy infected cells to stop the virus from reproducing. T cells play a crucial role in controlling intracellular pathogens like viruses. A and B are incorrect because they refer to aspects of humoral immunity, which involve B cells producing antibodies to target pathogens in the bloodstream, not infected cells. C, hapten immunity, is not a valid term in immunology and does not relate to the immune response against viruses.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who recently begun hormone replacement therapy with estrogen asks you how the hormone will affect her non-reproductive tissues. Which response(s) are appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because estrogen affects various non-reproductive tissues in the body. Estrogen can reduce low-density lipoproteins (B), which are associated with cardiovascular risk. It also suppresses bone resorption (C), aiding in bone health. Additionally, estrogen can both promote and suppress coagulation (D), influencing blood clotting factors. Therefore, all the answers are correct as estrogen has a wide-ranging impact on non-reproductive tissues.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been prescribed Citalopram (Celexa) to treat his depression. Education regarding how quickly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants work would be:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. SSRI antidepressants like Citalopram typically take time to build up in the body and exert their full therapeutic effects. 2. It usually takes about 2 to 4 weeks to start noticing improvements in symptoms like mood, appetite, and concentration. 3. The full response to the SSRI may take 2 to 4 months after reaching the full therapeutic dose due to the gradual adjustment of serotonin levels. 4. Therefore, educating the patient that full response may take 2 to 4 months after reaching the full therapeutic dose is important for managing expectations and ensuring compliance with the treatment plan. Summary: - Option A is incorrect as improvements in symptoms do not occur immediately upon starting Citalopram. - Option C is incorrect as improvements in appetite and concentration typically take longer than 1 to 2 weeks. - Option D is incorrect as the improvement in dysphoric mood may take longer than 1 to 2 weeks.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement(s) about liberation of drugs is/are true? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: all the above. A: A drug must be dissolved in body fluids before it can be absorbed into body tissues - True, as drugs need to be in a soluble form to pass through cell membranes. B: A solid drug taken orally must disintegrate and dissolve in GI fluids to allow for absorption - True, as solid drugs need to be broken down for absorption. C: The process of converting the drug into a soluble form can be controlled by the dosage form - True, as different dosage forms affect drug dissolution. Summary: All statements are true as they explain crucial aspects of drug liberation necessary for absorption and efficacy.
Question 5 of 5
Which term describes when two drugs compete for the same receptor site, resulting in increased activity of the first drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Displacement. When two drugs compete for the same receptor site, one drug can displace the other, leading to increased activity of the first drug. This phenomenon is known as drug displacement. A: Desired action does not describe the competition between drugs for the same receptor site. B: Synergistic effect refers to when two drugs work together to produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects. C: Carcinogenicity relates to the ability of a substance to cause cancer, and is not relevant to the scenario described in the question.