A patient is in the intensive care unit because of an acute myocardial infarction. He is experiencing severe ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse will prepare to give which drug of choice for this dysrhythmia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amiodarone is the drug of choice for treating severe ventricular dysrhythmias, such as those seen in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is effective in treating both ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Amiodarone works by prolonging the action potential duration and refractory period in cardiac tissues, thereby helping to stabilize the heart's electrical activity. Diltiazem and Verapamil are calcium channel blockers that are not typically used for treating ventricular dysrhythmias. Adenosine is primarily used for treating supraventricular tachycardias.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its potential to cause bone marrow depression. Bone marrow depression is a serious side effect that can lead to decreased production of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This can result in an increased risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Therefore, phenylbutazone should be used cautiously and under close monitoring to avoid this complication. Aspirin, Colchicine, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen are not typically associated with causing bone marrow depression as a side effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When giving the drug Phenytoin, monitoring urinary pH is important because Phenytoin is known to be excreted by the kidneys. Changes in urinary pH can affect the concentration of Phenytoin in the body. Alkaline urine can increase the excretion of Phenytoin, potentially leading to subtherapeutic levels, while acidic urine can decrease excretion, potentially leading to toxic levels of the drug. Therefore, monitoring urinary pH helps ensure that Phenytoin levels are within the therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of either subtherapeutic or toxic effects. Monitoring for signs of toxicity, such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion, is also essential when administering Phenytoin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A concentrated solution of sugar in water is known as a syrup. Syrup is commonly used in cooking and baking to add sweetness and moisture to various dishes. It is created by dissolving sugar in water over heat until a thick, sweet liquid is formed. Syrups are often used in beverages, desserts, and even as a sweetener for certain medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Shellfish allergy is a common indicator of potential hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media due to the shared allergen, iodine. Patients with shellfish allergies should be screened carefully before receiving contrast media. Allergies to eggs, soy, and acidic fruits are not directly related to contrast media reactions.