A patient is in the intensive care unit and receiving an infusion of milrinone (Primacor) for severe heart failure. The prescriber has written an order for an intravenous dose of furosemide (Lasix). How will the nurse give this drug?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer the furosemide in a separate intravenous line. This is the correct approach to prevent potential drug interactions between milrinone and furosemide. Mixing the two drugs in the same IV line can lead to incompatibility issues or chemical reactions that may reduce the effectiveness of both medications. Administering furosemide in a separate IV line ensures that each medication is delivered as intended without compromising their therapeutic effects. Additionally, this method reduces the risk of line contamination and minimizes the potential for errors in drug administration. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to follow this protocol to ensure the safety and efficacy of the patient's treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oral. When a drug is administered orally, it passes through the gastrointestinal tract and then the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to the first-pass effect. This effect occurs because the liver metabolizes a portion of the drug before it reaches the bloodstream. Sublingual administration (choice A) bypasses the liver initially, reducing the first-pass effect. Intravenous (choice C) and intramuscular (choice D) routes also bypass the liver initially, thus reducing the first-pass effect compared to oral administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct definition of a toxic dose is B: The amount of substance to produce effects hazardous for an organism. This is because a toxic dose refers to the quantity of a substance that can cause harm or adverse effects to an organism. It is important to differentiate between toxic doses and other types of doses, such as therapeutic doses (choice C) which produce the desired effect without causing harm. Choices A and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe a toxic dose and are not related to the harmful effects of a substance on an organism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The anesthetic effect of short and intermediate duration agents is primarily influenced by their metabolism and distribution in the body. 2. Dopamine is not commonly used to prolong anesthesia as it primarily acts as a neurotransmitter and vasopressor. 3. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine are commonly used to prolong anesthesia due to their vasoconstrictive properties. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Dopamine) as it does not have the same vasoconstrictive effects as the other choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Pralidoxime) Rationale: 1. Pralidoxime reactivates inhibited cholinesterase enzymes. 2. This helps counteract the toxic effects of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors. 3. Atropine is used to treat the symptoms but does not directly counteract the toxic effects. 4. Pilocarpine and edrophonium are not used for acute toxic effects of organophosphate poisoning.