A patient is in an urgent-care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be used for initial treatment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A short-acting beta2 agonist such as albuterol (Proventil). In an acute asthma attack, bronchodilation is crucial for quick relief. Short-acting beta2 agonists like albuterol act rapidly to dilate the airways, providing immediate relief of symptoms. Anticholinergics like ipratropium (A) are also bronchodilators but are not as effective for acute exacerbations. Long-acting beta2 agonists like salmeterol (C) are used for long-term maintenance, not for immediate relief. Corticosteroids like fluticasone (D) are important for reducing airway inflammation but are not the first-line treatment for acute attacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Abstinence Syndrome. This term refers to the occurrence of psychological and somatic disturbances when a drug is suddenly discontinued after prolonged use. Tachyphylaxis (A) is the rapid development of tolerance to a drug. Sensibilization (B) is the opposite of tolerance, where increased sensitivity to a drug occurs over time. Idiosyncrasy (D) is an unexpected or unusual reaction to a drug. In this scenario, the situation describes the consequences of stopping the drug, aligning with the definition of Abstinence Syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because cocaine actually causes myocardial stimulation and vasoconstriction, not depression and vasodilatation. Cocaine is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor, commonly used in nose and throat procedures (Choice A). Its abuse potential limits its medical use (Choice B). Cocaine causes sympathetically mediated effects such as tachycardia and vasoconstriction (Choice D). Therefore, the incorrect statement is C because cocaine does not cause myocardial depression and peripheral vasodilatation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eye. The parasympathetic nervous system controls functions like pupil constriction in the eye. This effect is mediated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The eye has a unique structure called the iris sphincter muscle, which responds to parasympathetic stimulation by constricting the pupil. Unlike other organs, the effect on the eye is not subject to rapid decline, as the iris sphincter muscle has a high sensitivity to acetylcholine. Therefore, the parasympathetic function in the eye does not decline rapidly compared to other organs. Summary of other choices: B: Heart - Parasympathetic control of heart rate can decline rapidly due to factors like decreased acetylcholine release. C: Smooth muscle organs - Parasympathetic control of smooth muscle organs can also decline rapidly due to factors like receptor desensitization. D: Glands - Parasympathetic control of glands can

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Nondepolarizing blockers compete with depolarizing agents at the neuromuscular junction, reducing their effects. 2. Aminoglycosides can potentiate neuromuscular blockade. 3. Antiarrhythmic drugs can enhance neuromuscular blockade. 4. Local anesthetics can increase neuromuscular blockade. 5. Therefore, only nondepolarizing blockers do not increase the effects of depolarizing agents.