A patient is in an urgent care center and is receiving treatment for mild hyponatremia after spending several hours doing gardening work in the heat of the day. The nurse expects that which drug therapy will be used to treat this condition?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of mild hyponatremia, which is a condition where there is a lower-than-normal concentration of sodium in the blood, treatment often involves administering intravenous normal saline infusion administered slowly. This helps to incrementally increase sodium levels in the blood while also ensuring proper hydration. Normal saline is preferred over other fluid solutions as it helps to maintain a stable electrolyte balance. In cases of severe hyponatremia or symptoms like seizures, more aggressive treatment may be necessary, but for mild cases like that described in the scenario, normal saline infusion is typically the appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Loop diuretics can cause excessive potassium excretion in the urine, leading to low potassium levels in the body (hypokalemia). Some manifestations of potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) include muscle weakness, which can range from mild to severe, and anorexia (loss of appetite). Other symptoms of hypokalemia may include fatigue, weakness, constipation, and even cardiac arrhythmias. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients on loop diuretics for signs of potassium deficiency to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with peptic ulcers should stop taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can worsen peptic ulcers by increasing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer formation. NSAIDs work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which can lead to a decrease in the protective mucus production in the stomach lining, allowing gastric acid to damage the mucosa and exacerbate peptic ulcers. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with peptic ulcers to avoid NSAIDs to prevent further damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic commonly used to relieve the burning sensation and pain experienced during urination, typically caused by urinary tract infection or irritation. It works by acting as a local anesthetic on the lining of the urinary tract, providing relief from discomfort. Tolterodine and oxybutynin are used to treat overactive bladder by reducing bladder spasms and urge incontinence, whereas bethanechol is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist primarily used to stimulate bladder contractions in individuals with urinary retention. Thus, for the symptom of burning sensation and pain when urinating, phenazopyridine would be the most likely urinary analgesic to be ordered.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the management of type 2 diabetes. One of the primary mechanisms of action of Metformin is to decrease hepatic glucose production. It works by inhibiting gluconeogenesis, which is the process by which the liver produces glucose. By reducing glucose production in the liver, Metformin helps to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. This action helps to control hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. The other options provided do not describe the mechanism of action of Metformin, making them incorrect choices.