A patient is having difficulty making a decision. The nurse has mixed feelings about whether to provide advice. Which principle usually applies? Giving advice

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: giving advice is rarely helpful. Providing unsolicited advice can undermine the patient's autonomy and decision-making process. It is important for the nurse to support the patient in exploring their options and making their own informed decisions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because giving advice does not necessarily foster independence, lift the burden of personal decision-making, or help the patient develop feelings of personal adequacy. Rather, it can limit the patient's ability to think critically and make their own choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Going to bed a half-hour earlier would work better than sleeping later because it can help the patient establish a more consistent sleep schedule and potentially improve the quality of their sleep. By going to bed earlier, the patient may be able to address their chronic fatigue and feel more refreshed in the morning. Choice A is incorrect as suggesting sedatives may not address the underlying issue of poor sleep quality. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol consumption before bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns. Choice D is incorrect as exercising before bedtime may actually stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because presenting the information again in a calm manner using simple language is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with moderate anxiety who is unable to understand preoperative information. This approach helps to address the patient's anxiety by providing clear and concise information in a way that is easier for them to comprehend. Reassuring the patient about postoperative care (choice A) does not directly address the patient's current state of anxiety and lack of understanding. Telling the patient that staff is prepared to promote recovery (choice C) does not provide the necessary information for the patient to understand the upcoming surgery. Encouraging the patient to express feelings to family (choice D) may be beneficial but does not address the main issue of the patient's inability to understand preoperative information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rationalization. In this scenario, the individual is justifying their own sexual dysfunction by attributing it to their partner's perceived shortcomings. Rationalization involves creating logical or socially acceptable reasons to justify one's behavior or feelings. In this case, the person is avoiding taking responsibility for their own issues by shifting the blame onto their partner. Incorrect Choices: B: Compensation - This defense mechanism involves making up for a real or perceived deficiency in one area by excelling in another. It does not apply to the situation described. C: Introjection - This involves internalizing external qualities or beliefs of others. It is not demonstrated in the scenario. D: Regression - This defense mechanism involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress. It is not applicable to the situation where blame is being shifted onto the partner.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, providing calm, brief, directive communication, as it is the most immediate and effective intervention to address the patient's panic. This approach helps to quickly establish rapport, provide reassurance, and guide the patient towards a sense of control. Teaching relaxation techniques (A) may be helpful, but it is not the first priority in a crisis situation. Administering an anxiolytic medication (B) should only be done if deemed necessary by a healthcare provider and is not the initial nursing intervention. Preparing to implement physical controls (C) may be important for safety, but it is not the first step in managing panic.