A patient is given corticotropin. The nurse knows to monitor the patient for which condition?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypoglycemia. Corticotropin is a hormone that stimulates the production of cortisol, which can lead to increased glucose utilization and lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, monitoring for hypoglycemia is crucial. Weight gain (A) is not typically associated with corticotropin. Hyperkalemia (B) is more commonly seen with medications like ACE inhibitors. Dehydration (D) is not a common side effect of corticotropin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenazopyridine. This urinary analgesic is commonly used to relieve pain, burning sensation, and discomfort associated with urinary tract infections or other urinary conditions. It works by numbing the urinary tract lining. Tolterodine (A) and Oxybutynin (B) are anticholinergic medications used to treat overactive bladder, not urinary pain. Bethanechol (C) is a cholinergic medication used to increase bladder muscle tone, not for urinary pain relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Voglibose. Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor commonly used in diabetes management. Its major side effect is GI disturbances due to its mechanism of action in delaying carbohydrate absorption in the intestines. This can lead to flatulence, bloating, and diarrhea. Metformin (choice A) commonly causes GI upset but is not its major side effect. Rosiglitazone (choice B) is associated with weight gain and edema, not GI disturbances. Repaglinide (choice D) can cause hypoglycemia and weight gain, but not major GI disturbances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of congenital cretinism in the baby. This is because the drug may interfere with the normal development of the baby's thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism and intellectual disability. Choice A is incorrect as liver damage is not specifically linked to this drug in pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect because severe hypertension is not a common side effect of the drug in this context. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two incorrect statements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: PPAR-γ is a nuclear receptor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Step 2: Ciglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that specifically targets PPAR-γ. Step 3: Ciglitazone activates PPAR-γ to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate gene expression. Step 4: Metformin (B) works by reducing glucose production in the liver, not targeting PPAR-γ. Step 5: Tolazamide (C) and Repaglinide (D) are both sulfonylureas that stimulate insulin release from the pancreas, not acting on PPAR-γ.