ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is experiencing severe diarrhea and has developed metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely cause?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Loss of bicarbonate. Severe diarrhea leads to loss of bicarbonate-rich fluids, causing metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate is a major buffer in the body, helping to maintain pH balance. Loss of potassium (A) is more likely to cause metabolic alkalosis. Retention of hydrogen ions (C) would cause metabolic acidosis but is not the primary issue in this scenario. Retention of bicarbonate (D) would actually help correct the acidosis, not cause it.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. Which controlling factor is responsible for compensatory reabsorption of water?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary. When the body detects dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, it releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to concentrated urine. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in blood osmolality, not directly related to compensatory reabsorption of water in this scenario. Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus monitor blood pressure changes, not directly involved in compensatory reabsorption of water. Insulin from the pancreas controls blood glucose levels and is not related to water reabsorption in response to dehydration.
Question 3 of 5
While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. Which laboratory value corresponds with the nurse's assessment findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium of 7.9 mg/dL. In renal failure, there is a disruption in calcium-phosphate balance leading to hypocalcemia. A low calcium level can cause muscle spasms, including facial muscles. Potassium (Choice A) imbalance typically presents with cardiac symptoms. Sodium (Choice C) imbalance may lead to neurological symptoms. Phosphorus (Choice D) imbalance is associated with bone and muscle weakness, not spasms.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young patient with asthma. Which activity should the nurse encourage in order to help prevent respiratory acidosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Deep-breathing exercises help improve lung function and prevent respiratory acidosis by promoting proper oxygen exchange. This activity can prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide in the lungs, which can lead to respiratory acidosis. Options B, C, and D do not directly address respiratory function and would not be as effective in preventing respiratory acidosis. Drinking fluids, ambulating, or sleeping with the head of the bed elevated can be beneficial for overall health but may not specifically target the prevention of respiratory acidosis in a patient with asthma.
Question 5 of 5
The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL. A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650-mL left at the end of the shift. What amount should the nurse record as the IV fluid intake for the shift?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 1150 mL. The nurse should record the total volume of IV fluid administered during the shift, which includes both the initial 800 mL in the IV container and the 350 mL (1000 mL - 650 mL) used from the new bag. Therefore, the total IV fluid intake for the shift is 800 mL + 350 mL = 1150 mL. Option A (1000 mL) is incorrect because it only accounts for the new IV bag volume, not the initial IV container volume. Option B (1050 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the volume left in the new IV bag. Option C (1100 mL) is incorrect because it only includes the initial IV container volume and not the volume used from the new bag. Only option D correctly incorporates both the initial IV container and the new bag volumes.