ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient PPT Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is experiencing a possible neurological emergency from a blunt force closed head injury. He is found to have abnormal pupillary reactions to light and has lost the ability to move his eyes from side to side to follow your finger movements. He is also unable to identify the number of fingers you are holding up. He reports he is able to see the fingers but is not able to focus enough to identify how many fingers are present. Which of the following cranial nerves should you suspect may be involved in his injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cranial nerve II (Optic nerve) is responsible for vision. Loss of ability to identify the number of fingers indicates optic nerve involvement. 2. Cranial nerve III (Oculomotor nerve) controls eye movements, including pupillary reactions. Abnormal pupillary reactions suggest its involvement. 3. Cranial nerve IV (Trochlear nerve) controls downward and inward eye movements. Inability to move eyes side to side implicates trochlear nerve. Summary: A: Cranial nerves I, V, and VI - Not relevant for the symptoms described. B: Cranial nerves V and VII - Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve) is not involved in eye movements or vision. C: Cranial nerves IX and X - Not related to vision or eye movements. D: Cranial nerves II, III, and IV - Correct as all three nerves are implicated in the patient's symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
You are on-scene with a patient who you suspect may be experiencing a myocardial infarction. He is conscious and alert, anxious, and has dilated pupils. He complains of substernal chest pain and admits to recent cocaine use. How does the use of cocaine increase the risk of experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cocaine causes coronary artery constriction, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This constriction can lead to the formation of thrombus or plaque in the narrowed arteries, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction. Other choices are incorrect: A is inaccurate as asystole is not a direct effect of cocaine; B is incorrect as cocaine does not cause peripheral clotting to travel to the coronary arteries; C is incorrect as cocaine does not numb the heart, but rather constricts the coronary arteries.
Question 3 of 5
Venous blood samples are often obtained in the pre-hospital setting for various tests to be performed at the hospital. What color tube stopper would a paramedic want to use if law enforcement at an accident requests the patients involved have their blood drawn at the scene to be tested for the possibility of alcohol intoxication at the hospital?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gray. Gray tube stoppers are used for collecting blood samples for alcohol testing because they contain sodium fluoride, which preserves the blood sample and inhibits the growth of bacteria. This is crucial for accurate alcohol level measurement. Light blue, lavender, and green tube stoppers are used for different types of blood tests, not specifically for alcohol testing. Light blue is typically used for coagulation tests, lavender for complete blood counts and blood typing, and green for basic metabolic panels. Therefore, the paramedic would want to use a gray tube stopper in this scenario to ensure the accuracy of the alcohol intoxication testing.
Question 4 of 5
You are called to assist a 55-year-old male who complains of sudden onset chest pain, dyspnea, and palpitations. On arrival, he is found semi-conscious with a pulse rate too fast to palpate and a blood pressure of 80 systolic. Once on the monitor, he is exhibiting an irregularly wide complex tachycardia, with a polymorphic QRS appearance, at nearly 200 per minute. Which of the following would be the most effective intervention for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer defibrillation per protocol. In this scenario, the patient is presenting with signs of unstable ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Defibrillation is the most effective intervention as it delivers a shock to the heart to reset the abnormal rhythm. It is crucial in cases of pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation to restore a normal heart rhythm and improve cardiac output. Administering medications like procainamide (choice A) or adenosine (choice B) would not be effective as the patient is in a pulseless state. Synchronized electrical cardioversion (choice D) is typically used for stable tachyarrhythmias, not for pulseless rhythms. Defibrillation is the immediate and appropriate intervention to save the patient's life by restoring normal cardiac function.
Question 5 of 5
Motorcycle crash, noisy respirations, apneic, hematoma in pharynx, airway management?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Inserting an oropharyngeal airway" because noisy respirations and apnea indicate airway obstruction. Oropharyngeal airway can help maintain a patent airway by preventing the collapse of soft tissues in the pharynx. It does not require visualization of the airway (unlike nasopharyngeal airway or intubation methods), making it quicker and suitable for emergency situations. Surgical cricothyroidotomy is an invasive procedure and not indicated in this scenario. Fiberoptic-guided nasotracheal intubation is time-consuming and may not be feasible in a critical situation.