A patient is diagnosed with a renal system disorder that is believed to be the result of genetic and environmental factors. Which health problem is the patient most likely experiencing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bladder cancer is a health problem that can result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations can predispose individuals to developing bladder cancer, while environmental factors such as smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and chronic bladder irritation can also contribute to the development of the disease. Hematuria (blood in the urine) can be a symptom of bladder cancer, but it is not specific to this type of cancer and can also occur in other renal system disorders. Incontinence and kidney infections are not typically associated with genetic predisposition as much as bladder cancer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phantom limb sensation is a common phenomenon where a patient perceives sensations such as cramping, itching, or pain in the limb that has been amputated. This occurs because the brain continues to receive signals from the nerves that originally innervated the amputated limb, leading to the perception of sensation in the absent body part. In this case, the patient's complaint of toes cramping in the amputated foot is indicative of phantom limb sensation rather than contractures, attention-seeking behavior, or chronic stump pain. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient about this phenomenon and provide appropriate support and reassurance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Documenting the client's questions after the teaching session is important because it demonstrates the client's understanding of the information provided during the teaching session. It also helps to identify any areas where the client may need further clarification or education. This information is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of the teaching session and ensuring that the client is able to perform tracheostomy care safely and effectively. Additionally, documenting the client's questions allows for continuity of care by providing insight into the client's concerns and educational needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a pregnant woman, a hematocrit level of 24% is cause for concern as it is lower than the normal range during pregnancy. A lower than normal hematocrit level may indicate anemia in the pregnant woman, which can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. Anemia during pregnancy can result in inadequate oxygen reaching the tissues, fatigue, increased risk of preterm birth, and low birth weight for the baby. Therefore, this finding should be further evaluated and managed promptly to ensure the well-being of the pregnant woman and her baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is crucial for parents to be instructed on preventing exposure to infection before their baby's surgery to correct a congenital heart defect. Infections can pose a serious risk to individuals, especially those with preexisting medical conditions like a congenital heart defect. Infection control measures, such as handwashing, avoiding sick contacts, and keeping the environment clean, can help reduce the risk of postoperative complications due to infections. This instruction is important to help ensure the successful outcome of the baby's surgery and recovery process. It is essential for parents to be vigilant in maintaining a hygienic environment and taking necessary precautions to prevent their baby from getting sick prior to the surgery.