ATI RN
Infection Prevention and Control NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is diagnosed with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in his surgical wound and asks the nurse what this means. What is the nurse’s best response? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately explains that a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) has developed resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics, making it challenging to treat effectively. MDROs are resistant to multiple antibiotics due to genetic mutations. This response educates the patient on the severity of the situation and the need for alternative treatment strategies. A is incorrect as MDRO refers to resistance in one organism, not multiple organisms causing the infection. B is incorrect as it simplifies the issue to antibiotic strength rather than resistance. C is incorrect as it suggests using multiple antibiotics, which is not always the best approach for MDROs and may contribute to further resistance.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 70-year-old patient for a procedure. The patient has type I diabetes mellitus with significant peripheral neuropathy, atrial fibrillation controlled with antiarrhythmic medications, and osteoarthritis bilaterally in his knees. He is also on anticoagulants with an INR of 3.0. Given that the nurse knows about the individual risk factors that raise the risk of a fall, accident, or injury while hospitalized, which of the following should be identified as the most significant risk factor for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy significantly impairs sensation and coordination, increasing the risk of falls and injuries. The patient's age and comorbidities like diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and anticoagulant therapy already pose risks, but peripheral neuropathy directly affects the patient's ability to perceive and react to potential hazards, making it the most significant risk factor in this case. Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant therapy increase the risk of bleeding but are not directly related to falls. Bilateral knee osteoarthritis may contribute to mobility issues but is not as directly associated with fall risk as peripheral neuropathy.
Question 3 of 5
Select the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that will be applied prior to entering the room of a patient with influenza.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mask. Prior to entering the room of a patient with influenza, wearing a mask is crucial to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets containing the virus. Masks provide a barrier to protect the wearer from inhaling infectious particles. Gloves (A) are important for direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. Gowns (C) are used to protect clothing from contamination. Goggles (D) are typically not required for influenza as the primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets, not through contact with infected fluids.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous drug therapy via an infusion pump. The pump continues to sound an alarm and the nurse is unsure if it is administering the drug correctly. Which of these is the correct course of action for the nurse to follow?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct course of action for the nurse is D. First, discontinuing the infusion ensures patient safety. Next, replacing the pump with a functioning one guarantees proper drug administration. Restarting the infusion maintains therapy continuity. Labeling the broken pump allows for proper identification and handling of faulty equipment. Placing the broken pump in a designated area prevents its inadvertent reuse. Overall, this approach prioritizes patient safety, continuity of care, and proper equipment management.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a history of falls and hearing deficit resides in an assistive care facility. He is preparing for his discharge home. The home health nurse reviews fall prevention strategies with the client as he prepares to transition home. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Placing rugs at doorways and stairs can increase the risk of falls as they can become tripping hazards. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Rugs can easily slide or bunch up, causing a trip hazard. 2. Doorways and stairs are high-traffic areas where falls are more likely. 3. The client should avoid using rugs in these areas to prevent falls. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they all promote safe practices for fall prevention, such as marking spills, avoiding climbing on step stools, and wearing hearing aids for increased awareness.