ATI RN
Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is being prepared for an oral endoscopy, and the nurse anesthetist reminds him that he will be awake during the procedure but probably will not remember it. What type of anesthetic technique is used in this situation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Moderate sedation. In this situation, the nurse anesthetist mentions that the patient will be awake but likely won't remember the procedure, indicating the use of moderate sedation. Moderate sedation involves administering medications to induce a depressed level of consciousness while maintaining the patient's ability to independently maintain their airway and respond to verbal commands. Local anesthesia (A) involves numbing a specific area of the body. Topical anesthesia (C) is used on mucous membranes or skin surfaces. Spinal anesthesia (D) involves injecting anesthesia into the spinal canal to numb a larger region of the body.
Question 2 of 5
A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking the drug. This is because aspirin helps reduce flushing, a common adverse effect of niacin. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, which is responsible for vasodilation leading to flushing. Taking niacin on an empty stomach (A) may worsen gastrointestinal side effects. Taking the medication every other day (B) may not effectively manage the adverse effects. Taking the drug with large amounts of fiber (D) is not proven to minimize niacin's adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) has been taking antitubercular drugs for 1 week calls the clinic and is very upset. He says, “My urine is dark orange! What’s wrong with me?” Which response by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dark orange urine is a known side effect of antitubercular drugs, specifically rifampin. The nurse should reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction and educate him on what to expect while on the medication. This response helps alleviate the patient's concerns and promotes adherence to the treatment plan. Choice A is incorrect because stopping the medication abruptly can lead to treatment failure. Choice B is incorrect as dark orange urine is not indicative of worsening TB. Choice C is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's concern and does not provide proper information regarding the side effect.
Question 4 of 5
Half life (t ½) doesn’t depend on:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Time of drug absorption. Half-life is a pharmacokinetic parameter that represents the time required for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half. The half-life of a drug is not influenced by the time it takes for the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Factors such as biotransformation, concentration in plasma, and the rate of drug elimination affect the half-life of a drug. Biotransformation can alter the drug's chemical structure, affecting its elimination rate. Higher plasma concentrations can lead to a longer half-life, while a faster rate of drug elimination results in a shorter half-life.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the drug, which has greater potency of the local anesthetic action:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine has a greater potency of local anesthetic action due to its higher lipid solubility and protein binding, leading to a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to other choices. Lidocaine (A) has a faster onset but shorter duration. Procaine (C) has a lower potency due to its lower lipid solubility. Mepivacaine (D) has a similar potency to lidocaine but with a shorter duration of action.