A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). What is the priority teaching point for the patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adherence to the full course of prescribed medications. This is the priority teaching point because adherence to the full course of TB medications is crucial to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Skipping doses or stopping treatment prematurely can lead to treatment failure and the spread of TB. Choice B is incorrect because avoiding contact with family members during treatment is not necessary as TB is not spread through casual contact. Choice C is incorrect as completing follow-up skin tests every six months is not the priority teaching point, although it may be part of the follow-up care plan. Choice D is incorrect as using a surgical mask when going outdoors is not necessary unless the patient is actively coughing and symptomatic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct the patient to elevate the foot. Elevating the foot helps reduce swelling, improve circulation, and promote wound healing in patients with foot ulcers. By elevating the foot, the pressure on the ulcer is reduced, which can prevent further damage and aid in the healing process. Encouraging the patient to wear shoes (A) may be important for protection, but it is not the priority over immediate wound care. Performing a sterile dressing change (C) and applying antibiotic ointment (D) are important interventions, but they should be done after elevating the foot to address the underlying issue of poor circulation and pressure on the ulcer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is the priority intervention because chest pain in a patient with a history of hypertension could indicate angina or a possible myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin helps dilate blood vessels, reduce workload on the heart, and improve blood flow to the heart muscle, which can alleviate chest pain. Administering aspirin can also be beneficial to prevent clot formation, but nitroglycerin takes precedence in this situation. Providing reassurance and support is important but should not delay immediate treatment. Administering IV fluids is not indicated for chest pain in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis is "Ineffective coping related to unknown outcome of illness" (Choice C). This is because the patient's expression of feeling like a burden and wishing to be dead indicates difficulty coping with the uncertainties and challenges of their COPD. The patient's emotional distress and sense of hopelessness suggest ineffective coping mechanisms in dealing with their illness. Choice A (Complicated grieving) is incorrect because the patient's statement does not indicate grief over an actual loss, but rather a sense of burden and hopelessness. Choice B (Chronic low self-esteem) is incorrect as the patient's statement is more related to the impact of the illness on others rather than self-esteem issues. Choice D (Deficient knowledge) is not the most appropriate as the patient's statement reflects emotional distress rather than a lack of knowledge about COPD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer a nebulized bronchodilator first. In COPD, bronchodilators help improve airflow by relaxing the muscles around the airways. This can help improve oxygenation levels. Before increasing oxygen flow rate or encouraging deep breathing, it is essential to address the underlying issue of airway constriction. Nebulized bronchodilators act quickly to provide relief and improve oxygen saturation. Administering a short-acting bronchodilator (choice C) could also be beneficial, but nebulized bronchodilators are typically more effective in severe cases. Encouraging deep breathing exercises (choice D) can be helpful in the long term but may not address the immediate need for improved oxygenation in this situation.