A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The nurse identifies that the patient is experiencing low energy, poor concentration, and feelings of hopelessness. Which intervention is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because encouraging the patient to engage in small activities and gradually increase participation aligns with the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. This intervention helps the patient combat feelings of hopelessness and low energy by promoting a sense of accomplishment and increasing activity levels. It also addresses poor concentration by breaking tasks into manageable steps. Choice A is incorrect because administering a sedative medication does not address the underlying issues of depression and may mask symptoms temporarily without providing long-term benefits. Choice B is incorrect because while providing reassurance is important, it alone may not be sufficient to address the patient's symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because promoting rest and limiting stimulation may exacerbate feelings of isolation and further contribute to the patient's low energy and hopelessness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a calm and structured environment with limits on behavior. During a manic episode, it is crucial to maintain a calm environment to prevent exacerbation of symptoms. Setting limits on behavior helps prevent impulsive actions that may harm the patient or others. Providing structure can help the patient feel more secure and in control. Choice A is incorrect because allowing impulsive behaviors can be dangerous and may lead to negative consequences. Choice C is incorrect because group therapy may not be effective during a manic episode when the patient may have difficulty focusing or controlling their behavior. Choice D is incorrect because ignoring the patient's behavior can escalate the situation and hinder their ability to self-regulate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administering prescribed medications to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. This intervention is most appropriate as medications can help manage and alleviate the uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms experienced by the patient. It is important to address these symptoms to prevent complications and ensure the patient's safety. Encouraging the patient to stop using all substances immediately (choice A) can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms and potential harm. Providing reassurance that the symptoms will resolve on their own (choice C) may not be sufficient for managing withdrawal symptoms effectively. Encouraging the patient to participate in group therapy sessions (choice D) is beneficial for long-term recovery but may not directly address the immediate withdrawal symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive worry about a variety of topics. This is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder as individuals with this condition experience persistent and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of their life. This worry is excessive, difficult to control, and can interfere with daily functioning. Rapid thoughts and racing speech (B) are more commonly associated with conditions like mania or panic disorder, not generalized anxiety disorder. Intrusive memories and flashbacks (C) are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, not generalized anxiety disorder. Hallucinations and delusions (D) are more indicative of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, not generalized anxiety disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Establishing clear boundaries (Choice C) is crucial in the therapeutic relationship to ensure a professional and safe environment. - Clear boundaries help maintain a focus on the patient's needs and prevent any potential harm or ethical issues. - By identifying patient needs, the therapist can tailor treatment effectively and maintain a respectful dynamic. Summary: - Choice A focuses more on personal connection rather than therapeutic goals. - Choice B is vague and lacks specificity about how mutual needs will be addressed. - Choice D emphasizes communication but doesn't prioritize the establishment of boundaries, which is essential in therapy.