A patient is admitted to the medical unit with possible Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism). Which assessment finding supports this diagnosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition by regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Therefore, aldosterone has the primary responsibility for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition. A: Sodium - While sodium is an important electrolyte involved in fluid balance, it is not a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. B: Magnesium - Magnesium is also an important electrolyte, but it is not primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition in the body. D: Renin - Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, but it is not a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and does not have the primary responsibility for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, leading to complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. This results in flaccid paralysis and characteristic symptoms of botulism. Choice B is incorrect because pralidoxime is used to treat organophosphate poisoning, not botulism. Choice C is incorrect as botulinum toxin affects both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Choice D is incorrect as botulinum toxin does not cause overstimulation but rather inhibits neurotransmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. When an antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptors is administered, it blocks the inhibitory effect on sympathetic tone. Since norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that increases blood pressure and heart rate, it is likely that Drug X is norepinephrine. Propranolol (A) is a beta-blocker that decreases heart rate, Isoproterenol (C) is a beta-agonist that increases heart rate, and Terbutaline (D) is a beta-agonist that also increases heart rate. These choices do not align with the observed effects of Drug X when the ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist is administered.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Pirenzepine is NOT preferred over propantheline in the treatment of intestinal colic because pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used for peptic ulcer disease, while propantheline is an anticholinergic used for GI spasms. Choice A is incorrect because atropine is preferred over hyoscine in thyrotoxic patients due to its faster onset. Choice C is incorrect because ipratropium is not necessarily better than atropine in bronchial asthma as they have different mechanisms of action. Choice D is incorrect because atropine is actually preferred over tropicamide for fundus examination due to its longer duration of action.