ATI RN
Neurological System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient in traction frequently voices discomfort. Which one of the following complaints by Mrs. Iris would indicate beginning decubitus formation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Burning pain in the sacral area. This complaint indicates the beginning of decubitus formation, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores. Decubitus ulcers commonly occur in patients under traction due to prolonged pressure on specific areas of the body. Burning pain in the sacral area is a classic early symptom of pressure ulcer development, signaling tissue damage from prolonged pressure. Option A) Numbness of her toes on her left foot is more indicative of nerve compression or impaired circulation, not specific to decubitus formation. Option B) Pain around the insertion of the Kirschner wire is likely related to the hardware and its positioning, rather than decubitus formation. Option C) Stiffness and aching of the right ankle could be related to immobility or positioning in traction but are not specific signs of decubitus formation. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize early signs of pressure ulcers in patients under traction to prevent complications. Teaching patients and caregivers about proper positioning, regular skin assessments, and pressure relief strategies is essential in preventing decubitus ulcers and promoting optimal patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
A 40-year-old client presents with a complaint of morning stiffness in her hands, and painful joints of about 3 months duration. On physical examination, you note deviation of the fingers of both hands toward the ulnar side, and swelling and thickening of the proximal interphalangeal joints. You refer the client to a physician for diagnosis and treatment of what you expect to be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, the client's presentation of morning stiffness, ulnar deviation of fingers, swelling, and thickening of proximal interphalangeal joints are classic signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and deformity if left untreated. Option A) osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease primarily caused by wear and tear on the joints, typically affecting older adults. It does not typically present with the same pattern of joint involvement as described in the case. Option B) degenerative joint disease is a general term for conditions like osteoarthritis, which involve the breakdown of joint cartilage over time. However, the specific symptoms and joint deformities described in the case are more indicative of rheumatoid arthritis. Option D) gouty arthritis is a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, often affecting the big toe. The symptoms and joint deformities described in the case do not align with those typically seen in gouty arthritis. Educationally, understanding the distinct clinical presentations of different types of arthritis is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately diagnose and manage patients. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can lead to timely referral for appropriate treatment, which can help improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with this chronic condition.
Question 3 of 5
Mrs. Rollo has been instructed to check her urine with a multiple test stick. For which abnormal finding should she be particularly alert and report to you when the test is positive?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Protein. Mrs. Rollo should be particularly alert and report to you when the multiple test stick shows a positive result for protein in her urine. This is because the presence of protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, can indicate potential kidney damage or dysfunction. It can be a sign of various underlying health conditions such as kidney disease, urinary tract infections, high blood pressure, diabetes, or other systemic diseases. Option A) Glucose is incorrect because the presence of glucose in the urine may indicate diabetes or high blood sugar levels, but it is not the most critical finding to report in this case. Option B) pH of 5 is not the most crucial abnormal finding to report; the pH of urine can vary depending on diet, hydration levels, and other factors. Option D) Ketones are another abnormal finding that may indicate conditions like uncontrolled diabetes or fasting, but protein in the urine is more concerning in this context. Educationally, it is important for individuals to understand the significance of monitoring their urine for abnormal findings like protein as it can serve as an early indicator of potential health issues, especially related to the kidneys. This knowledge empowers individuals to take proactive steps in seeking medical attention and managing their health effectively. Regular monitoring and reporting of abnormal results can lead to timely interventions and improved health outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
In reviewing Mrs. Post's laboratory results, which abnormal test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Antinuclear antibody (ANA) in confirming the diagnosis for Mrs. Post. ANA is a crucial test in diagnosing autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can present with neurological symptoms. ANA detects autoantibodies that target the cell nucleus, indicating an autoimmune response affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system. Option A) Sedimentation rate is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and does not provide information specific to neurological disorders. Option B) Rheumatoid factor is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, primarily affecting the joints, not commonly linked to neurological issues. Option C) LE cells are specific to lupus erythematosus, but not necessarily to neurological involvement. In an educational context, understanding the significance of specific laboratory tests in diagnosing neurological conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals. This question emphasizes the importance of ANA testing in the workup of patients with suspected autoimmune neurological disorders, guiding appropriate treatment and management strategies based on accurate diagnoses.
Question 5 of 5
MRS. Post is being discharged tomorrow on a regimen of prednisone and aspirin to control her symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. She should be told to call her physician immediately if which one of the following occurs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Inability to take oral medications because of vomiting. This is the most critical symptom that requires immediate medical attention in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who is being discharged on prednisone and aspirin. Patients with SLE are often on immunosuppressive medications like prednisone to manage their condition. Vomiting can prevent proper absorption of these medications, leading to inadequate treatment and potential disease exacerbation. Therefore, the patient must contact their physician promptly to address this issue and ensure appropriate management. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Missed menstrual period: While changes in menstrual periods can occur in patients with SLE, it is not an urgent symptom that necessitates immediate medical attention. C) Temperature elevated to 99.6°F: A mild elevation in temperature is not uncommon and may not be alarming, especially in the context of autoimmune diseases. It is not a critical symptom that requires immediate action. D) Ankle edema: Ankle edema can be a symptom of SLE, but it is not as urgent as the inability to take medications due to vomiting. It can be addressed at the next scheduled appointment or sooner if it worsens significantly. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing critical symptoms in patients with SLE and understanding the significance of adherence to medication regimens. It emphasizes the need for patients to communicate effectively with their healthcare providers to ensure optimal management of their condition and prevent potential complications.