A patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterized by hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury that is characterized by hypoxemia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. When managing a patient with ARDS in the ICU, the priority intervention is to provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is often necessary to support gas exchange in these patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate oxygen delivery device for a patient with chronic respiratory failure secondary to severe restrictive lung disease requiring continuous supplemental oxygen is a non-rebreather mask. A non-rebreather mask is designed to deliver high-flow oxygen and is typically used for short-term medical treatment in emergency situations or for critically ill patients. It is ideal for providing the highest concentration of oxygen available for inhalation, making it suitable for patients with severe hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition where air accumulates in the pleural space and cannot escape, causing increased pressure in the chest cavity. This can lead to compression of the lung and major blood vessels, leading to inadequate oxygenation and circulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Religious Affiliation is not typically included in the history taking process for diagnosing medical conditions. While a patient's religious beliefs may sometimes be relevant in certain situations, it is not a standard component of medical history. History taking usually includes aspects such as the history of present illness, social and family history, and past medical history as these can provide important information related to the patient's health condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The theory that categorizes professionals as Novice to experts is by Patricia Benner. Patricia Benner developed the Novice to Expert model, which describes how individuals progress through five levels of proficiency in a skill or field. The five levels are Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert. Benner's model is widely used in nursing education and research to understand how nurses develop their clinical skills and expertise over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In cases of poisoning, the main goals are to inactivate the poison to prevent further harm, administer the specific antidote if available to counteract the effects of the poison, and support vital organ functions to help the patient recover. Inducing the patient to vomit (III) is not always recommended as it can potentially cause more harm, especially if the ingested substance is corrosive. Therefore, the most appropriate goals in poisoning are to inactivate the poison, administer the specific antidote, and support vital organ functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allowing people's participation to confirm the health problems would yield better results in facilitating the recognition of the community's health issues. By involving the community members themselves in the process of identifying and acknowledging their health problems, there is a higher likelihood of garnering accurate and relevant information. This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment among the community members, making them more likely to actively engage in addressing the identified health concerns. Additionally, community participation can help build trust between the nurse and the residents, leading to more effective communication and collaboration in improving overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The barrier to goal setting between the nurse and the family in this scenario is the failure of the family to perceive the existence of the problem. Goal setting in healthcare generally requires mutual agreement and understanding between the healthcare provider (nurse) and the patient/family. If the family does not perceive that there is an existing problem that needs to be addressed, there will likely be resistance or lack of motivation to set goals and work towards resolving the issue. This barrier can hinder effective communication, collaboration, and ultimately, the successful achievement of healthcare goals. It is important for the nurse to address this barrier through education, communication, and building trust to ensure that all parties are on the same page and actively participate in goal setting and care planning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenazopyridine HCl (Pyridium) is a medication commonly used to relieve the pain, burning, and discomfort associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). One of the notable side effects of Phenazopyridine is the discoloration of urine, turning it a rusty-red or orange color. This color change is harmless and temporary, but it can be alarming to patients who are unaware of this side effect. Therefore, if a patient undergoing treatment for a UTI notices their urine has turned orange, it is most likely due to the administration of Phenazopyridine.