A patient in the emergency department was showing signs of hypoglycemia and had a fingerstick glucose level of 34 mg/dL. The patient has just become unconscious. What is the nurse’s next action?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer intravenous glucose (50% dextrose). In this scenario, the patient is unconscious due to severe hypoglycemia, which requires immediate intervention to raise blood glucose levels rapidly. Oral glucose would be ineffective as the patient is unconscious and cannot swallow. Intravenous glucose is the fastest way to raise blood sugar levels and is crucial in this emergent situation. Fruit juice or crackers would be too slow and unreliable in this critical state. Administering 50% dextrose intravenously is the most appropriate action to quickly address the hypoglycemia and potentially save the patient's life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer C: Somatostatin is used to treat bleeding esophageal varices by reducing portal pressure, inhibiting vasodilation, and decreasing blood flow to the varices. This helps in preventing further bleeding episodes and stabilizing the condition. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Macroprolactinoma is usually treated with dopamine agonists, not somatostatin. B: Zollinger Ellison syndrome is treated with proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers, not somatostatin. D: Steatorrhoea is not typically treated with somatostatin; it is usually managed with dietary modifications or pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine D2 agonism. Bromocriptine is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, meaning it activates D2 receptors. This leads to inhibiting prolactin secretion, making it a treatment for hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine D2 antagonism (B) would have the opposite effect. Dopamine D1 antagonism (C) is not a prominent action of bromocriptine. α adrenergic antagonism (D) is not related to the mechanism of action of bromocriptine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myxoedema. High serum TSH levels indicate primary hypothyroidism, which is characterized by decreased thyroid hormone levels. Myxoedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism where TSH levels increase as the body tries to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormones. In Grave's disease (B), TSH levels are typically low due to thyroid overactivity. Carcinoma thyroid (C) may present with normal or slightly elevated TSH levels. Toxic nodular goiter (D) is associated with low TSH levels due to autonomous thyroid hormone production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Thyroxine increases basal metabolic rate. 2. This leads to increased energy expenditure. 3. Increased energy expenditure can lead to negative nitrogen balance. 4. Therefore, induction of negative nitrogen balance is an action of thyroxine. 5. The other choices are incorrect as thyroxine does reduce plasma cholesterol level, fall in plasma free fatty acid level, and rise in blood sugar level.