ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient in the clinic reports difficulty tolerating the current ACE inhibitor medication, and questions if another medication could be used. The nurse correctly suspects the prescriber will choose which medication, which affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is often used as an alternative to ACE inhibitors. Atenolol (A) is a beta-blocker, spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and adenosine (D) is used for arrhythmias. ARBs like losartan are preferred for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough or angioedema.
Question 2 of 5
A client is prescribed with carbamazepine (Tegretol) for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Which of the following laboratory results indicates that the client is experiencing a side effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbamazepine can cause leukopenia, including neutropenia, as a side effect. A neutrophil count of 1,200/mm3 is below the normal range and indicates a potential adverse effect. Platelet count, uric acid, and SGPT levels are within normal ranges and do not indicate side effects. Therefore, the neutrophil count is the concerning result.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs causes the most significant inhibition of metabolism of rifabutin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rifabutin, metabolized by CYP3A4, is affected by inhibitors. Zidovudine, enfuvirtide, and nevirapine don't strongly inhibit CYP3A4. St John's wort induces it, lowering levels. Ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, significantly slows rifabutin metabolism, raising levels and toxicity risk (e.g., uveitis), the most impactful. This interaction requires dose adjustment, critical in HIV-TB co-treatment.
Question 4 of 5
Regarding drugs used in the treatment of status epilepsy:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin controls status epilepticus via anticonvulsant action, not sedation, so that's false. It precipitates in dextrose, only saline-compatible, making that false. Diazepam's effect is short-lived, not long-lasting, so that's incorrect. Phenobarbitone commonly causes respiratory depression, a true statement, due to CNS suppression. Phenytoin's rate is 50 mg/min max. This side effect limits phenobarbitone's use, requiring ventilatory support in status management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a class for clients about over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The nurse determines that education has been effective when the clients make which statement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reading OTC labels and seeking clarification from a doctor if unclear ensures safe use, reflecting effective education on responsibility. Always calling the doctor is overly cautious-OTC drugs are for self-management. Pharmacists help, but label-reading is primary. Assuming OTC safety ignores risks like ibuprofen's bleeding potential. Label focus empowers clients, balancing autonomy with safety, a key learning outcome.