A patient in good health and without any major health needs says, "I want to try some techniques to improve my mental and physical well-being but I’m overwhelmed by all the suggestions on the Internet.” Which techniques would be appropriate for the nurse to suggest? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Yoga. Yoga is suitable for improving both mental and physical well-being. It incorporates physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, promoting relaxation and stress reduction. Other choices can also have benefits but may not address both mental and physical aspects comprehensively. Exercise (B) is beneficial mainly for physical health. Meditation (C) is effective for mental well-being but may not cover physical aspects. Aromatherapy (D) focuses on mental well-being through scents, but it may not address physical well-being directly. Therefore, suggesting yoga covers both mental and physical well-being, making it the appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of long-term memories. It plays a crucial role in memory encoding and retrieval processes. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to difficulties in forming new memories. B: Parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing and spatial orientation. C: Temporal lobe is important for memory and auditory processing, but the hippocampus within the temporal lobe is specifically responsible for long-term memory. D: Occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing. In summary, the hippocampus is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with regulating long-term memory, while the other brain areas have different functions unrelated to long-term memory regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer A: Epigenetic changes are reversible because they involve modifications to gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle choices, making them reversible through interventions like diet, exercise, and medication. This reversibility allows for the potential to modify gene expression and potentially reverse negative health outcomes. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Epigenetic changes do not alter the DNA sequence itself but regulate gene expression. They do not change how the body reacts to the DNA sequence but rather how genes are turned on or off. C: Epigenetic changes have been linked to various mental health conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, and PTSD, among others. Therefore, this statement is incorrect. D: Epigenetic changes can increase the risk for psychiatric diseases when combined with genetic predispositions, rather than decreasing the risk. Thus, this statement is incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Norepinephrine. Symptoms described by the patient, such as feeling frozen, heart pounding, and difficulty sleeping, are consistent with increased arousal and anxiety, which are associated with elevated levels of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter involved in the body's stress response, triggering the "fight or flight" reaction. Serotonin (Choice A) is more related to mood regulation and emotions, while GABA (Choice B) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety. Dopamine (Choice D) is involved in reward and pleasure pathways, not directly associated with the symptoms described. Thus, the correct choice is C, norepinephrine, due to its role in stress response and arousal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Benzodiazepines) Rationale: 1. Benzodiazepines work on GABA receptors, not serotonin receptors. 2. MOAIs inhibit serotonin breakdown. 3. SSRIs block serotonin reuptake. 4. Tricyclic antidepressants increase serotonin levels. Summary: Benzodiazepines do not directly affect serotonin like the other medication classes. MOAIs, SSRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants all modulate serotonin levels in the brain.