A patient in a physicians office has a single blood pressure (BP) reading of 150/92. Should the patient be taught about hypertension?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of vital signs assessment and hypertension education, selecting answer choice C, "No, a single BP reading should not be used," as the correct option is crucial. This choice is correct because a single blood pressure reading, such as 150/92, is not enough to diagnose hypertension or initiate patient education on the condition. Educationally, it is essential to understand that hypertension diagnosis requires multiple blood pressure readings taken at different times to establish a pattern of elevated blood pressure consistently. Educating patients on hypertension based on a single reading could lead to unnecessary anxiety, interventions, or treatments. Regarding the other options: A) "It depends on the time of day the BP was taken" is incorrect because regardless of the time of day, a single reading is insufficient for a hypertension diagnosis. B) "It depends on whether the patient is male or female" is incorrect as gender does not determine the need for hypertension education; accurate diagnosis does. D) "Yes, this reading is high enough to be significant" is incorrect because significance in hypertension diagnosis is based on multiple readings over time, not a single elevated reading. In summary, understanding the importance of multiple readings in diagnosing hypertension and initiating appropriate patient education is crucial in the context of vital signs assessment. It is vital to emphasize the need for accurate and consistent monitoring before drawing conclusions or providing education on hypertension based on one reading.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary amenorrhea. After childbirth, it is common for women who are breastfeeding to experience a temporary absence of menstruation, known as lactational amenorrhea. This is a type of secondary amenorrhea, where menstruation ceases temporarily due to factors like breastfeeding. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation by age 16 without any previous periods. Oligomenorrhea is infrequent or irregular periods, not the total absence of periods. Dysmenorrhea is severe menstrual pain, not the absence of menstruation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: One breast larger than the other. This is most likely benign because breast asymmetry is common and often not a sign of serious health issues. Other choices are incorrect: A - dimpling resembling an orange peel is concerning for breast cancer, C - inverted nipple can be a sign of underlying breast pathology, D - dimpling in a breast when leaning forward could indicate an underlying mass or tumor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bronchial. Bronchial sounds are louder and higher in pitch compared to vesicular and bronchovesicular sounds. There is a short silence between inspiration and expiration, characteristic of bronchial sounds. Additionally, expiration is longer than inspiration in bronchial sounds. Bronchovesicular sounds have equal inspiration and expiration phases, vesicular sounds are softer and lower in pitch, and tracheal sounds are harsh and heard over the trachea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This response indicates the patient is fully oriented to person, place, and time. The patient knows their name, location (hospital in Spokane), and the general time frame (February of a new year—2010). Knowing the specific month and year demonstrates a good level of orientation. Choice A is incorrect because the patient is unsure of their location and gives a vague answer about the year. Choice B is incorrect as the patient admits to being confused about the date. Choice C is incorrect because the patient does not know the date, which is an important aspect of orientation.