ATI RN
Microbiology An Introduction Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trichomonas vaginalis. 1. Symptoms of urogenital inflammation match Trichomonas vaginalis infection. 2. Description matches Trichomonas vaginalis characteristics: pear-shaped, pointed spike, big nucleus, undulating membrane. 3. Trichomonas hominis and buccalis do not typically infect urogenital tracts. 4. Trypanosoma gambiense causes African trypanosomiasis, not urogenital infections.
Question 2 of 9
During bacteriological examination of the purulent discharge obtained from a postoperative wound an inoculation on meat infusion agar has been performed. The inoculation has resulted in large colorless mucous colonies that in 24 hours with exposure to sunlight developed green-blue pigmentation and smell of honey or jasmine. Bacterioscopy revealed gram-negative lophotrichea. What bacterial culture is contained in purulent discharge?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium known for its green-blue pigmentation and sweet, fruity odor. The large colorless mucous colonies that develop green-blue pigmentation and honey or jasmine smell point towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterioscopy revealing gram-negative lophotrichea further supports this identification. Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella osaenae do not typically exhibit the described characteristics. Streptomyces griseus is a soil bacterium known for its antibiotic production and is not commonly associated with wound infections.
Question 3 of 9
Member of a family ‘Reoviruses' that causes diarrhea in infants is called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rotavirus. Rotavirus is a member of the Reoviridae family known for causing diarrhea in infants. It infects the lining of the small intestine, leading to symptoms like vomiting and watery diarrhea. Rationale: 1. Rotavirus is specifically known for causing diarrhea in infants. 2. Reoviruses are a family of viruses to which rotavirus belongs. 3. Congovirus (B), Hepadnavirus (C), and Picornavirus (D) do not belong to the Reoviridae family and are not associated with causing diarrhea in infants. In summary, choice A is correct as it aligns with the characteristics of the given family of viruses and their associated symptoms, while choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not fit these criteria.
Question 4 of 9
The net gain of ATP molecules after the breakdown of one glucose molecule in glycolysis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (2). During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In this process, a net gain of 2 ATP molecules is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Specifically, ATP is generated during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and during the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The other choices are incorrect because the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis is not 1, 3, or 4; it is 2 based on the specific enzymatic reactions involved in the pathway.
Question 5 of 9
A 28 y.o. homeless male was admitted to the hospital because of initial diagnosis "influenza". Roseolo-petechiae rash has appeared on the trunk and internal surfaces of the limbs on the fifth day. Temperature is 410C, euphoria, face and sclera's hyperemia, tongue tremor, tachycardia, splenomegaly, excitement. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most probable diagnosis for the homeless male with symptoms of roseolo-petechiae rash, hyperemia, tachycardia, splenomegaly, and euphoria is Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection commonly associated with exposure to contaminated water or soil, which is prevalent in homeless populations. The initial diagnosis of "influenza" fits with the flu-like symptoms. The appearance of roseolo-petechiae rash and other symptoms like hyperemia, tachycardia, splenomegaly, and euphoria are consistent with leptospirosis. The other choices can be ruled out: A) Typhus typically presents with headache, fever, and rash, but not the specific symptoms described. B) Alcoholic delirium is more likely with a history of alcohol abuse and presents with confusion, disorientation, and hallucinations. D) Abdominal typhoid presents with prolonged fever, abdominal pain
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following bacteria produces a neurotoxin that causes botulism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum produces the neurotoxin that causes botulism. This bacterium thrives in anaerobic conditions and contaminated food. The neurotoxin blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle paralysis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning but not botulism, and Staphylococcus aureus produces enterotoxins causing food poisoning, not botulism.
Question 7 of 9
Bacteriophages are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Firstly, bacteriophages are viruses, not white blood cells or bacteria. They specifically target and infect bacteria, not fungi. This is known as a bacteriophage cycle where the virus injects its genetic material into the bacterial cell to replicate and eventually lyse the cell. This process is specific to bacteria and distinguishes bacteriophages from other microorganisms. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately describes the nature and function of bacteriophages.
Question 8 of 9
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this purpose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anatoxin. An anatoxin is a preparation that contains inactivated toxins produced by the anthrax-causing bacteria. By administering anatoxin, the population can develop immunity against the toxin without being exposed to the live bacteria. This specific prophylaxis approach helps prevent the development of anthrax infection by targeting the toxin itself. Summary: - Choice B (Inactivated vaccine) is incorrect because an inactivated vaccine typically contains killed or inactivated whole bacteria, not just the toxins. - Choice C (Chemical vaccine) is incorrect as there is no such thing as a chemical vaccine; vaccines are biological preparations. - Choice D (Genetically engineered vaccine) is incorrect because while vaccines can be genetically engineered, the specific term "genetically engineered vaccine" does not accurately describe the prophylaxis used against anthrax in this scenario.
Question 9 of 9
Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG vaccination. The Mantoux test is used to detect tuberculosis infection. A negative reaction means the child is not infected. BCG vaccination is recommended for individuals without prior TB infection to prevent severe forms of the disease. Antitoxin and rabies vaccinations are not related to TB and are not indicated in this scenario. Repeating the Mantoux test is unnecessary since a negative result indicates absence of TB infection.