ATI RN
Client Health and Safety Specifications Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has pitting pedal edema, crackles, and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse concludes that the patient has fluid volume excess. Which type of reasoning did the nurse use?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inductive reasoning. The nurse observed specific signs and symptoms (pitting pedal edema, crackles, elevated blood pressure) and made a general conclusion (fluid volume excess). Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations. The nurse did not use theoretical reasoning (A), as she did not rely on abstract principles. Deductive reasoning (C) involves drawing specific conclusions from general premises, which was not the case here. Conceptual reasoning (D) involves understanding abstract concepts, not directly applicable in this scenario. In summary, the nurse used inductive reasoning by inferring fluid volume excess based on specific clinical findings.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is filling out an incident report after an older adult client fell while attempting to transfer this person from bed to a commode. Which health problem should the nurse consider when client falls occur?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Orthostatic hypotension. This condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure when moving from lying down to standing up, leading to dizziness and falls. In the scenario provided, the older adult client fell while attempting to transfer to a commode, indicating a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing. Bradypnea (A) refers to abnormally slow breathing rate and is not directly related to falls. Palpitations (B) are rapid or irregular heartbeats and do not directly cause falls. Primary hypertension (C) is high blood pressure that is typically asymptomatic and does not directly lead to falls. Therefore, the most likely health problem to consider in this scenario is orthostatic hypotension due to its association with falls during position changes.
Question 3 of 5
A young adult female is schedule for her annual gynecological exam which includes a Pap smear, which is a screening test for:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cervical cancer. A Pap smear is a screening test specifically designed to detect abnormal cells on the cervix that could potentially develop into cervical cancer. It is not a test for pregnancy (choice A), breast cancer (choice B), or sexually transmitted infections (choice D). Regular Pap smears are crucial for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Question 4 of 5
What type of logical reasoning is the nurse using when he/she/they starts with the big picture and anticipates specific findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deductive. Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle or theory and applies it to specific situations to draw conclusions. In this scenario, the nurse is using deductive reasoning by starting with the big picture (general principle) and anticipating specific findings (applying the principle to specific situations). Inductive reasoning (choice A) involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations. Careful reasoning (choice C) and critical reasoning (choice D) are broad terms that do not specifically describe the type of logical reasoning being used in this context.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is completing an admission assessment with an 80-year-old man who experienced a hip fracture following a fall. He is alert, lives alone, and has very poor hygiene. He reports a 20-pound weight loss in the last 6 months following his wife's death, as well as estrangement from his only child. He admits to falls before this most recent fall. What should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dementia. Given the patient's age, history of falls, poor hygiene, weight loss, social isolation, and cognitive impairment, dementia is the most likely suspicion. The patient's cognitive decline may have contributed to the falls, poor self-care, and social isolation. Weight loss and cognitive decline following a significant life event (wife's death) are common in dementia. Delirium (C) is typically acute and reversible, not chronic like dementia. Elder abuse (B) may be a concern but is not the most likely cause based on the information provided. Alcohol abuse (D) is not supported by the patient's history and presentation.