ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has overdosed on Warfarin, what should be given to the patient to be reveresed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the body. Overdosing on warfarin can lead to excessive bleeding due to the lack of functional clotting factors. To reverse the effects of warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is given because it helps the body restore the levels of clotting factors that were reduced by warfarin. Vitamin K promotes the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which allows the blood to clot effectively again. Therefore, in the case of a warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is the appropriate antidote to help reverse the anticoagulant effects.
Question 2 of 5
A 26-year-old man with a chronic cough takes codeine for cough suppression. He presents to his primary care physician for follow-up. The patient admits to taking this medication three times daily even when he does not have symptoms. The treating physician must be concerned about which of the following effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Codeine, an opioid, risks addiction with frequent use. Diarrhea opposes its constipating effect. Euphoria and anxiety are possible but less concerning. Sweating (E) is minor. Addiction potential drives monitoring, given his overuse pattern.
Question 3 of 5
A pregnant woman is experiencing hypertension. The nurse knows that which drug is commonly used for a pregnant patient who is experiencing hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methyldopa is the preferred antihypertensive medication for pregnant women experiencing hypertension. It has been extensively studied and considered safe for both the mother and the fetus. Methyldopa has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure in pregnant women without causing harm to the developing fetus. Other antihypertensive medications, such as Enalapril (Vasote) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), are contraindicated during pregnancy as they can cause harm to the fetus. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an osmotic diuretic primarily used for reducing intracranial pressure or treating cerebral edema, not for hypertension in pregnancy. Therefore, Methyldopa is the right choice for a pregnant patient with hypertension.
Question 4 of 5
A 63-year-old man with glaucoma maintained on a regimen of topical medications with an exacerbation of his symptoms. He complains of difficulty with his vision in both eyes and has headaches. Which of the following drugs is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glaucoma involves elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and this patient's exacerbation-vision difficulty and headaches-requires effective IOP reduction. Bimatoprost and Latanoprost are prostaglandin analogs, increasing outflow, but may not act fast enough for acute worsening. Pilocarpine , a muscarinic agonist, contracts the ciliary muscle, opening the trabecular meshwork, enhancing aqueous humor outflow, and rapidly lowering IOP-ideal for this scenario. Tetracycline is an antibiotic, irrelevant. Travoprost (E), another prostaglandin, is similar to A and B. Pilocarpine's direct action on outflow makes it most appropriate for urgent IOP control in open-angle or angle-closure glaucoma exacerbation. Its side effects (miosis, brow ache) are tolerable given the need for immediate relief, distinguishing it from slower-acting prostaglandins.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding opioids:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have an immature blood-brain barrier, increasing opioid penetration, not blocking it, so that's false. Spinal analgesia involves mu, delta, and kappa receptors, not just one type, making that false. Depressed CO2 response is the most reliable sign of opioid-induced respiratory depression, a true statement, reflecting medullary suppression. Tolerance to miosis develops minimally, unlike analgesia, so that's false. Addison's patients are hypersensitive to opioids due to cortisol lack. The CO2 response is a key monitoring parameter in opioid overdose.