A patient has nine drugs prescribed to take daily. Which are common reasons for nonadherence to the drug regimen in an older adult? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Taking multiple drugs at one time can be overwhelming and lead to nonadherence due to complexity and confusion. Impaired memory can affect remembering to take medications, but not the primary reason. Decreased dexterity can make it challenging to handle medications, but it's not as common of a reason as the complexity of multiple drugs. Increased mobility doesn't directly impact medication adherence. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Opioid withdrawal. The symptoms described, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and restlessness, are common manifestations of opioid withdrawal. Opioids depress the central nervous system, and abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms as the body tries to readjust. Symptoms usually appear within 6-12 hours after the last dose. Other choices (B) Alcohol toxicity presents with confusion, stupor, and respiratory depression. (C) Flashbacks from LSD use are characteristic of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. (D) Nicotine withdrawal typically includes irritability, anxiety, and cravings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit access to high-alert drugs. This strategy is recommended to decrease the risk of errors because it restricts the availability of high-risk medications to only authorized personnel, reducing the likelihood of medication errors. By limiting access, only trained and qualified staff members will handle these drugs, minimizing the potential for mistakes. Explanation for other choices: A: Storing drugs on a shelf for quick retrieval may increase the risk of errors as it allows easier access to high-alert drugs, potentially leading to misuse or incorrect administration. C: Using special labels for high-alert drugs can be helpful but may not be as effective as limiting access in preventing errors. D: Providing increased training to staff is beneficial, but alone may not be sufficient to reduce errors if access to high-alert drugs is not restricted.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - "Avoid mixing medications into infant formula." This is important because mixing medications into infant formula can alter the medication's efficacy or cause serious harm to the infant. It is crucial to administer medications as directed by healthcare providers to ensure proper dosage and absorption. Incorrect choices: A - Administering GI-irritating drugs with food may reduce stomach irritation, but it is not always necessary and depends on specific drug instructions. B - The statement about sublingual nitroglycerin is unrelated to the administration of oral medications. D - Adding water and crushing drugs before disposal is not a standard practice for administering oral medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because mixing drugs in dessert poses a risk of incorrect dosage, interaction, or reduced effectiveness. This statement indicates a lack of understanding about medication safety, administration, and effectiveness. Option A is a correct statement about sublingual nitroglycerin administration. Option B emphasizes proper labeling for high-alert drugs. Option D is incorrect as crushing and adding water before disposing is a safe medication disposal practice. Mixing drugs with food could lead to unpredictable outcomes and must be avoided.