ATI RN
Immune System Medication Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has just been told that her cancer has metastasized to her right kidney. An interferon (Aldesleukin) has been prescribed to treat this metastasis. The patient asks why this interferon is ordered. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It activates human cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth. Interferon (Aldesleukin) is a type of immunotherapy that works by activating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. In this case, the interferon is prescribed to treat the metastasis to the right kidney by boosting the patient's immune response against the tumor cells. Autologous tumor cells (choice A) are the patient's own cancer cells and interferon does not protect them. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (choice C) involves using donor stem cells and is not related to the mechanism of action of interferon. Interferon does not have a direct proliferative effect on renal tumors (choice D), rather it inhibits tumor growth by enhancing the body's immune response.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an allograft transplant. The physician orders a monoclonal antibody to prevent rejection of the transplant. What monoclonal antibody would the nurse expect to be ordered?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the purpose - Monoclonal antibody for preventing transplant rejection. Step 2: Recall specific monoclonal antibodies used in transplants - Daclizumab is commonly used for this purpose. Step 3: Understand mechanism - Daclizumab targets IL-2 receptor on T-cells, inhibiting activation and preventing rejection. Step 4: Rule out other options - Alemtuzumab is used for leukemia, Erlotinib for cancer, and Omalizumab for asthma, not transplant rejection. Summary: Daclizumab is the correct choice as it specifically targets T-cell activation, unlike the other options meant for different conditions.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a female patient, aged 62, who has been admitted for treatment of metastatic melanoma. What agent would the nurse anticipate the physician is likely to order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ipilimumab. This drug is a checkpoint inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. It works by targeting and blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. Aldesleukin (A) and Interferon alfa 2b (B) are immunotherapy agents used in melanoma treatment but are not typically first-line for metastatic disease. Cyclosporine (C) is an immunosuppressive agent used in transplant patients, not for treating melanoma.
Question 4 of 5
What interleukin receptor antagonist would the nurse anticipate is most likely to be ordered for a patient, 25 years old, who has not responded to traditional antirheumatic drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anakinra (Kineret). Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist commonly used for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to traditional antirheumatic drugs. It specifically targets interleukin-1, which plays a key role in the inflammatory response seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Natalizumab (A) is used for multiple sclerosis, Eculizumab (C) for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and Adalimumab (D) for rheumatoid arthritis but targets tumor necrosis factor-alpha, not interleukin-1.
Question 5 of 5
The patient has arrived in the short stay unit for an infusion of tositumomab with 131 tositumomab (Bexxar). Before beginning the infusion, the nurse assesses the patient's vital signs and finds the patient has a temperature of 101.5°F, What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Treating the fever before beginning the therapy. The priority action is to address the elevated temperature to prevent potential complications during the infusion. Treating the fever first ensures patient safety and minimizes the risk of adverse reactions. Notifying the physician (choice B) is important, but immediate intervention to lower the fever is crucial. Holding the infusion (choice A) until the patient is afebrile is appropriate, but addressing the fever promptly is the priority. Starting the infusion and informing the physician (choice C) without addressing the fever may lead to worsening of the patient's condition.