ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology PPT Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has experienced insomnia for months, and the physician has prescribed a medication to help with this problem. The nurse expects which drug to be used for long-term treatment of insomnia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: eszopiclone (Lunesta), a nonbenzodiazepine sleep aid. Eszopiclone is a preferred long-term treatment for insomnia due to its lower risk of dependence and tolerance compared to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Eszopiclone acts on the GABA receptors to promote sleep without causing the same level of sedation or cognitive impairment as benzodiazepines or barbiturates. It is also less likely to cause rebound insomnia upon discontinuation. Incorrect Choices: A: secobarbital (Seconal), a barbiturate - Barbiturates have a high potential for tolerance, dependence, and overdose, making them unsuitable for long-term insomnia treatment. B: diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine - Benzodiazepines can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms, making them less ideal for long-term insomnia treatment.
Question 2 of 5
When monitoring a patient who has diabetes and is receiving a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for edema, the nurse will monitor for which possible adverse effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated blood glucose. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can lead to hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by reducing the excretion of glucose in the urine. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential to prevent complications. Metabolic alkalosis (A) is not typically associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Hyperkalemia (C) is not a common adverse effect of these medications. Mental alertness (D) is not directly affected by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients is crucial due to the potential impact on glycemic control.
Question 3 of 5
During therapy with the hematopoietic drug epoetin alfa (Epogen), the nurse instructs the patient about adverse effects that may occur, such as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypertension. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to increased blood viscosity and subsequently hypertension. This adverse effect is well-documented and requires close monitoring during therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as anxiety, drowsiness, and constipation are not commonly associated with epoetin alfa therapy. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient on the potential adverse effects of hypertension and the importance of monitoring blood pressure regularly during treatment.
Question 4 of 5
An agonist is a substance that:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an agonist interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function. Agonists bind to the receptor and activate it, leading to a cellular response. Choice A is incorrect because agonists do produce an effect. Choice C is too general and does not specifically define the role of an agonist. Choice D describes the mechanism of a potentiator, not an agonist. In summary, an agonist directly interacts with the receptor to elicit a cellular response, making choice B the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the anesthetic agent of choice in patient with a liver disease:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Procaine. Patients with liver disease have impaired metabolism and clearance of certain drugs. Procaine is the anesthetic agent of choice in patients with liver disease because it is metabolized in plasma rather than the liver, reducing the risk of toxicity. Lidocaine (A) and Bupivacaine (B) are primarily metabolized by the liver and can accumulate in patients with liver disease, leading to toxicity. Etidocaine (D) is also metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in patients with liver dysfunction. Therefore, Procaine is the safest choice in this scenario.