ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging would likely show dysfunction in which part of the brain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Frontal lobe. In schizophrenia, disorganized thinking is often related to dysfunction in the frontal lobe. This area of the brain is responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control. Dysfunction in the frontal lobe can lead to difficulties in organizing thoughts and behaviors, which are characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. The other choices (A: Hippocampus, C: Cerebellum, D: Brainstem) are not typically associated with disorganized thinking in schizophrenia. The hippocampus is more related to memory, the cerebellum to coordination and movement, and the brainstem to basic bodily functions.
Question 2 of 5
A drug causes muscarinic receptor blockade. The nurse will assess the patient for
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Muscarinic receptor blockade inhibits parasympathetic nerve activity. 2. Dry mouth (xerostomia) is a common anticholinergic side effect due to reduced salivary gland secretion. 3. Other choices are incorrect because: - Gynecomastia is associated with dopamine receptor blockade. - Pseudoparkinsonism is a side effect of dopamine receptor blockade. - Orthostatic hypotension is more commonly seen with alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. Summary: Dry mouth is the correct assessment due to muscarinic receptor blockade, whereas gynecomastia, pseudoparkinsonism, and orthostatic hypotension are associated with different receptor blockade mechanisms.
Question 3 of 5
Which instruction has priority when teaching a patient about clozapine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, leading to infection risk. 2. Sore throat and fever can indicate agranulocytosis. 3. Immediate reporting allows for prompt monitoring and intervention. 4. Prioritizing this instruction ensures patient safety. Summary: A is unrelated, C is not a priority, and D can worsen side effects. Option B is crucial for early detection and management of potential life-threatening adverse effects.
Question 4 of 5
By which mechanism do SSRI medications improve depression?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. SSRI medications improve depression by making more serotonin available at the synaptic gap. This is achieved by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, allowing it to remain in the synaptic gap longer to exert its effects on mood regulation. This mechanism helps to increase serotonin levels in the brain, which is associated with alleviating depressive symptoms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because SSRI medications do not destroy serotonin; they actually increase its availability. Choice C is incorrect because SSRI medications do not influence the production of acetylcholine and dopamine, but rather target serotonin reuptake. Choice D is incorrect because SSRI medications do not block muscarinic and alpha-1 norepinephrine receptors; they specifically target serotonin reuptake to improve depression.
Question 5 of 5
An obese patient has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Medications that block which receptors would contribute to further weight gain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: H1 receptors. Blockade of histamine H1 receptors by antipsychotic medications can lead to increased appetite and weight gain in obese patients. Histamine plays a role in regulating appetite and energy balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because blocking 5 HT2 receptors (B) can actually lead to weight loss, acetylcholine (C) blockade is not associated with weight gain, and GABA (D) is not directly involved in weight regulation.