ATI RN
NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has chronic respiratory acidosis related to long-standing lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to inadequate exhalation of CO2. This typically occurs as a result of hypoventilation, which is characterized by breathing at an abnormally slow rate or shallow depth. In patients with long-standing lung disease, the ability to effectively exchange gases in the lungs is compromised, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the bloodstream and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, would result in a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood, while the loss of acid or base by the kidneys is related to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in this case, the primary problem causing chronic respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation.
Question 2 of 5
The MOST common type of cerebral palsy is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type.
Question 3 of 5
At about what age does the Babinski sign disappear?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Babinski sign is a reflex response in infants where their big toe moves upward and the other toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked. This reflex is normally present in infants up to around 2 years of age. By the age of 2, the nervous system has matured, and the Babinski sign disappears as the child's motor pathways develop and the reflex becomes suppressed. After the age of 2, the presence of the Babinski sign can indicate neurological issues, so its absence beyond this age is considered normal.
Question 4 of 5
A parent reports to the nurse that her child has inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids, especially on awakening. These manifestations suggest:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described by the parent, which include inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids, are indicative of bacterial conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically associated with these symptoms, along with redness, irritation, and a sensation of a foreign body in the eye. It is common for bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms to be most pronounced upon awakening due to the accumulation of discharge overnight. Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis often involves antibiotic eye drops.
Question 5 of 5
Many neuromuscular disorders can impair respiratory function. What intervention can a home care nurse recommend to help prevent complications in patients with impaired respiratory function?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed is an important intervention to help prevent complications in patients with impaired respiratory function. By elevating the head of the bed, gravity assists in improving lung expansion and ventilation, making breathing easier for the patient. This position promotes better airflow and can help reduce the risk of respiratory complications such as aspiration. It is a non-invasive and simple intervention that can be easily implemented in a home care setting to support the patient's respiratory function and overall well-being. Antibiotics, bedrest, and scheduled suctioning are not directly related to improving respiratory function in this context.