Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypoventilation. In chronic respiratory acidosis, the lungs cannot effectively eliminate carbon dioxide, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood, causing acidosis. Hypoventilation results in decreased removal of CO2, exacerbating the acidosis. A: Hyperventilation would lead to respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. B: Loss of acid by kidneys would result in metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. D: Loss of base by kidneys would lead to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In summary, the main issue in chronic respiratory acidosis is inadequate elimination of CO2 due to hypoventilation, leading to acidosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, veins deep in the lower extremities, due to stasis and immobility in the legs causing blood to pool and predispose to thrombus formation. This is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Veins deep in the upper extremities (A) are less commonly affected. The popliteal vein of the leg (B) is a common site for DVT, but it is not the most commonly affected. Veins connected to the heart (D) are arteries, not veins, and are not typically involved in thrombophlebitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ask the patient about usual sleep patterns and the onset of having difficulty resting. Rationale: 1. Establish rapport: Asking about usual sleep patterns shows empathy and builds rapport. 2. Holistic assessment: Understanding sleep patterns helps identify potential issues beyond the leg cast. 3. Gather information: Knowing the onset of sleep difficulty can reveal underlying causes. 4. Patient-centered care: Addressing sleep concerns aligns with patient needs. Incorrect answers: A: Focusing solely on the leg and cast disregards the patient's holistic well-being. B: Documenting without addressing the patient's concern neglects the opportunity for intervention. C: Delaying assessment till the next shift can worsen the patient's condition and delay appropriate care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - Observing closely for signs of respiratory distress. In encephalitis, there is a risk of respiratory compromise due to brain inflammation affecting the respiratory center. Monitoring for signs of respiratory distress is critical to intervene promptly if breathing becomes compromised. A - Measuring fluid intake and output is important but not as critical as monitoring respiratory distress in encephalitis. B - Evaluating ventilation capacity and lung sounds is important, but close observation for respiratory distress takes precedence for immediate intervention. D - Administering an indwelling urethral catheter is not directly related to the client's immediate critical needs in encephalitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypoventilation. In chronic respiratory acidosis, the lungs cannot effectively eliminate carbon dioxide, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood, causing acidosis. Hypoventilation results in decreased removal of CO2, exacerbating the acidosis. A: Hyperventilation would lead to respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. B: Loss of acid by kidneys would result in metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. D: Loss of base by kidneys would lead to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In summary, the main issue in chronic respiratory acidosis is inadequate elimination of CO2 due to hypoventilation, leading to acidosis.