ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has blindness related to conversion (functional neurological) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychoanalytical theory suggests conversion reduces anxiety through production of a physical symptom symbolically linked to an underlying conflict. Conversion, not suppression, is the operative defense mechanism in this disorder. While some MRI studies suggest that patients with conversion disorder have an abnormal pattern of cerebral activation, there is no actual alternation of nerve transmission. The other distracters oversimplify the dynamics, suggesting that only dependency needs are of concern, or suggest conscious motivation (conversion operates unconsciously).
Question 2 of 5
Which comment by a patient who recently experienced a myocardial infarction indicates use of maladaptive, ineffective coping strategies?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blaming someone else and rationalizing one's failure to exercise are not adaptive coping strategies. Seeing the glass as half full, using social and religious supports, and confronting one's situation are seen as more effective strategies. The distracters demonstrate effective coping associated with a serious medical condition.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse provides health education for an adult with sleep deprivation. It is most important for the nurse to encourage caution when the patient engages in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
Which person would be most likely to experience sleep fragmentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obese adults experience more disruption of sleep stages, resulting in fragmentation. Obesity is the leading factor for obstructive sleep apnea, which causes sleep fragmentation. These changes are also associated with illness and some medications. The changes are evident on a hypnogram. An adolescent with anorexia nervosa would have a low body weight and therefore decreased risk for sleep fragmentation. Persons with arthritis have pain that may sometimes interrupt sleep, but it would not have as high risk as would obesity. Toddlers do not generally experience sleep fragmentation.
Question 5 of 5
Normally, most people sleep at night. What is the physiological rationale?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The master biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus regulates sleep as well as other physiological processes. Darkness cues the clock for sleep. Light cues it for wakefulness. Light stimulates retinal messages. Histamine release is associated with wakefulness. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system promotes alertness.