ATI RN
The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has been treated for lung cancer for 3 years. Over the past few months, the patient has noticed that the opioid analgesic is not helping as much as it had previously and more medication is needed for the same pain relief. The nurse is aware that this patient is experiencing opioid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: tolerance. Tolerance occurs when a patient requires increasing doses of a medication to achieve the same effect over time. In this case, the patient needs more opioid medication for the same pain relief, indicating tolerance. Addiction (A) involves a psychological dependence on a substance, which is not directly related to the need for increased doses for pain relief. Toxicity (C) refers to harmful effects of a drug at excessive doses, not the need for higher doses for pain relief. Abstinence syndrome (D) is the set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a drug abruptly, not the need for increasing doses due to decreased effectiveness.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been started on therapy of a continuous infusion of lidocaine after receiving a loading dose of the drug. The nurse will monitor the patient for which adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Convulsions. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can cause adverse effects like convulsions, especially with rapid administration or high doses. Drowsiness (A) may occur but is less concerning. Nystagmus (B) is a possible side effect of lidocaine but not a priority to monitor. Dry mouth (C) is not a common adverse effect of lidocaine infusion. Monitoring for convulsions is crucial due to the potential neurotoxic effects of lidocaine.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is taking a xanthine derivative as part of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse will monitor for adverse effects associated with the use of xanthine derivatives, such as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: palpitations. Xanthine derivatives, like theophylline, are known to cause cardiac stimulant effects, leading to increased heart rate and palpitations. This is due to their mechanism of action as bronchodilators. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect associated with xanthine derivatives. C: Bradycardia is the opposite of what is expected with xanthine derivatives, which usually increase heart rate. D: Drowsiness is not a typical adverse effect of xanthine derivatives, as they are stimulants and can cause insomnia instead.
Question 4 of 5
Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Most drugs are not distributed homogeneously in the body. Drug distribution is influenced by factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, protein binding, and pH levels. Drugs can accumulate in specific tissues or organs, leading to variations in distribution. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they make absolute statements that do not accurately reflect the complexities of drug distribution in the body. It is important to consider various factors that affect drug distribution rather than assuming homogeneity.
Question 5 of 5
Dependence is often associated with tolerance to a drug, a physical abstinence syndrome, and psychological dependence (craving). This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Dependence is indeed associated with tolerance to a drug, physical withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, and psychological craving. Tolerance indicates a reduced response to a drug over time, withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is stopped abruptly, and psychological dependence leads to a strong desire to continue using the drug despite negative consequences. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the comprehensive nature of drug dependence and its associated factors.