A patient has been taking antitubercular therapy for 3 months. The nurse will assess for what findings that indicate a therapeutic response to the drug therapy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a decrease in symptoms of tuberculosis, improved chest x-rays, and sputum cultures indicate a therapeutic response to antitubercular therapy. This shows that the medication is effectively treating the infection. A: The chronic cough being gone does not necessarily indicate a therapeutic response as other symptoms and tests need to be considered. B: Two consecutive negative PPD results do not directly correlate with the effectiveness of antitubercular therapy as they measure immune response, not treatment response. C: Increased tolerance to medication and fewer reports of adverse effects are positive outcomes but do not directly indicate the effectiveness of the antitubercular therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a good local anesthetic agent should not cause local irritation and tissue damage. Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve signals in a specific area, without causing harm to surrounding tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because systemic toxicity, fast onset, and long duration of action, and vasodilatation are all aspects that can be associated with local anesthetics but are not necessarily indicative of a poor local anesthetic agent.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nicotine is the correct answer because it activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels found at neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia. Muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors found in various tissues. Lobeline primarily acts on nicotinic receptors, pilocarpine primarily acts on muscarinic receptors, and bethanechol primarily acts on muscarinic receptors. Therefore, nicotine is the only cholinomimetic that activates both receptor types.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B (Atropine) is the correct answer: 1. Scopolamine is an anticholinergic drug, similar to Atropine. 2. Both drugs block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. 3. They are used for similar indications like treating motion sickness. 4. Hexamethonium is a ganglionic blocker, Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant, and Pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist, making them unrelated to scopolamine's pharmacologic actions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uterus. Both alpha and beta1 adrenergic stimulation in the uterus leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle. Alpha adrenergic stimulation causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels (choice A). In the intestine (choice B), alpha adrenergic stimulation leads to decreased motility while beta1 adrenergic stimulation increases heart rate in bronchial muscles (choice D). Thus, the uterus is the only tissue where both alpha and beta1 adrenergic stimulation have the same effect of muscle relaxation.