A patient has been taking a beta blocker for 4 weeks as part of his antianginal therapy. He also has type II diabetes and hyperthyroidism. When discussing possible adverse effects, the nurse will include which information?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option E is the correct answer. When a patient with type II diabetes is taking a beta blocker, it's important to monitor blood glucose levels regularly for possible changes in glucose levels. Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as tremors and rapid heartbeat, which can make it harder for patients to recognize when their blood sugar is too low. On the other hand, beta blockers can also potentially lead to hyperglycemia as they can blunt the body's response to hypoglycemia by inhibiting the release of counter-regulatory hormones like epinephrine. Therefore, monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in such patients to prevent complications related to blood sugar fluctuations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means that it helps lessen the loss of potassium from the body while still acting as a diuretic. This medication works by blocking the actions of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes the retention of sodium and water in the body, which can lead to potassium loss. Spironolactone helps to increase potassium levels in the body, making it a suitable choice for patients who are at risk of or experiencing low potassium levels while needing diuretic therapy. Options A, C, and D are not potassium-sparing diuretics, and they do not specifically help in lessening the loss of potassium from the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients should be taught to change position slowly, avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery, and to pace activities as a result of potential dizziness from orthostatic hypotension in order to avoid injury. Patients should take medicine with meals when possible. Drug is more likely to decrease libido than increase it. Activity levels should be paced and care should be taken not to overdo. The nurse should provide comprehensive patient education to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ACE inhibitors decrease the renin angiotensin aldosterone system by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors reduce the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and lower aldosterone secretion. This leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced retention of sodium and water. Consequently, ACE inhibitors are commonly used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gentamicin is highly associated with ototoxicity, especially in patients with preexisting renal impairment or prolonged use.