A patient has been receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen) for severe iron-deficiency anemia. Today, the provider changed the order to darbepoetin (Aranesp). The patient questions the nurse, “What is the difference in these drugs?” Which response by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: “Aranesp is a longer-acting form, so you will receive fewer injections.” Rationale: 1. Darbepoetin (Aranesp) is a longer-acting form of erythropoietin compared to epoetin alfa (Epogen). 2. Due to its extended half-life, Aranesp requires less frequent dosing, leading to fewer injections for the patient. 3. This is beneficial for patient compliance and convenience, as they don't have to undergo frequent injections. 4. Choice A is incorrect because there is a difference between the two drugs in terms of pharmacokinetics. 5. Choice B is incorrect as the speed of action is not the primary difference between the two drugs. 6. Choice C is incorrect because Aranesp, like Epogen, is administered via injections, not orally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is more lipid-soluble compared to the other choices. Lipid solubility is an important factor in determining the potency and duration of action of local anesthetics. Bupivacaine has a higher lipid solubility due to its long carbon chain structure, allowing it to penetrate nerve membranes more effectively, resulting in a longer duration of action. Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and procaine are less lipid-soluble and have shorter durations of action compared to bupivacaine. Therefore, bupivacaine is the most lipid-soluble local anesthetic among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Edrophonium is the correct answer as it is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It is water-soluble and can be prepared in an aqueous solution for ophthalmic use. Physoctigmine is not an organophosphate, and Echothiophate is not water-soluble and requires reconstitution before use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Succinylcholine. Succinylcholine has a "double-acetylcholine" structure because it contains two acetylcholine molecules linked together. This structure allows succinylcholine to act as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker by mimicking the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Rocuronium (A) and Atracurium (C) are nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers that do not have a double-acetylcholine structure. Carbachol (B) is a cholinergic agonist but does not have a double-acetylcholine structure like succinylcholine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Terbutaline is a beta2-selective agonist because it primarily targets beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchodilation. Xylometazoline is an alpha-adrenergic agonist, Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta agonist, and Dobutamine primarily targets beta1-adrenergic receptors. Therefore, Terbutaline is the correct choice for beta2-selective agonist based on its pharmacological action.