A patient has been given succinylcholine (Anectine) after a severe injury that necessitated controlled ventilation. The physician now wants to reverse the paralysis. The nurse would expect to use which drug to reverse the succinylcholine?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: neostigmine (Prostigmin). Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that helps reverse the effects of succinylcholine by increasing acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction. This leads to the competitive inhibition of succinylcholine, allowing the patient to regain muscle function. Valium (A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and muscle relaxation, not for reversing paralysis. Caffeine (B) is a stimulant that does not reverse muscle paralysis. Vecuronium (D) is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and cannot reverse succinylcholine paralysis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pruritus, cutaneous flushing. Nicotinic acid commonly causes flushing due to prostaglandin release. Pruritus may also occur. B is incorrect as tinnitus and urine odor changes are not associated with nicotinic acid. C is incorrect as myalgia and fatigue are not common adverse effects. D is incorrect as blurred vision and headaches are not typically seen with nicotinic acid use. Therefore, A is the most appropriate choice based on the common adverse effects of nicotinic acid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Taking multiple drugs reduces the chance that the tuberculosis will become drug resistant." Rationale: 1. Combination therapy is essential in treating tuberculosis to prevent the development of drug resistance. 2. Different drugs target various stages of the tuberculosis bacteria's life cycle, reducing the likelihood of resistance. 3. Using a single drug can lead to the bacteria adapting and becoming resistant, making treatment ineffective. 4. Option A is incorrect because relying on just one drug is not effective in preventing drug resistance. 5. Option C is incorrect as using multiple drugs does not necessarily reduce side effects; it primarily aims to prevent resistance. 6. Option D is incorrect because the main goal of using multiple drugs is not to enhance the effect of each drug but to prevent drug resistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because half-life represents the time taken for the concentration of a drug in the plasma to reduce by 50%. This is crucial during the elimination phase when the drug is being cleared from the body. Choice B is incorrect as half-life does not specifically relate to drug metabolism into active metabolites. Choice C is incorrect as half-life is not about drug absorption but elimination. Choice D is incorrect as half-life does not pertain to drug binding to plasma proteins but rather the rate of elimination from the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipophylic group. Local anesthetics exert their potency and toxicity by interacting with sodium channels in nerve fibers. The lipophilic group determines the lipid solubility of the anesthetic, affecting its ability to penetrate nerve membranes and block sodium channels. Ionizable groups are responsible for the drug's pH-dependent solubility and onset of action, while the intermediate chain contributes to the drug's duration of action. Choice D is incorrect because not all components (ionizable group and intermediate chain) solely determine potency and toxicity of local anesthetics.