ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and is to begin antitubercular therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to do? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, so periodic eye examinations are essential. Taking medications with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Antacids should be avoided as they can interfere with drug absorption. Numbness and tingling of the hands or feet may indicate peripheral neuropathy, a side effect of isoniazid, and should be reported promptly.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse how metformin decreases blood sugar. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It does not increase insulin resistance (B), block carbohydrate absorption (C), or stimulate insulin release (D). These mechanisms help lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is giving medicinal instructions to a female client receiving leflunomide (Arava). Which of the following is an appropriate instruction with the use of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide is teratogenic and can cause severe birth defects. Women of childbearing age must use effective contraception during treatment and for a period after discontinuation. Breastfeeding is contraindicated due to the risk of harm to the infant. Cholestyramine is used to accelerate the elimination of leflunomide in case of toxicity, not to lessen side effects. Improvement in symptoms typically takes weeks, not days.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is most effective as a topical agent for a candida infection of the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous candidiasis needs topical antifungals. Griseofulvin treats dermatophytes orally, not candida topically. Beclometasone, a steroid, worsens fungal growth. Aciclovir targets herpes, not fungi. Amphotericin is IV for systemic use. Nystatin binds ergosterol in candida membranes, most effective topically for skin infections, widely used for its specificity and safety.
Question 5 of 5
A client is to receive enteral nutrition. Which information should the nurse provide to the client and family?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enteral nutrition involves delivering nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract, typically via a tube, and can be administered intermittently (e.g., bolus feedings) or continuously (e.g., via a pump), offering flexibility based on the client's needs and tolerance. This method contrasts with parenteral nutrition, which uses veins, making the venous administration statement inaccurate for enteral feeding. The purpose of enteral nutrition often includes supporting clients who cannot swallow adequately-due to conditions like dysphagia-ensuring they receive sufficient calories and nutrients to prevent malnutrition. However, enteral feedings are typically formula-based, not thinned pureed food, as specialized formulas provide balanced nutrition tailored to medical needs, unlike pureed diets which are less common in tube feeding. The intermittent or continuous delivery option is key education, as it addresses how the therapy adapts to lifestyle and clinical status, providing practical understanding for the client and family while clarifying enteral nutrition's gastrointestinal focus over intravenous methods.